Developement of New Polymer Membranes for Separation

新型聚合物分离膜的开发

基本信息

批准号：
60550644
负责人：
NAKAYAMA Morio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Cationic exchange membranes were prepared with 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate(ETMA)-methacrylic acid(MAc),ETMA-2-phosphoethyl methacrylate(MP), and ETMA-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(tertiary butyl acrylamide sulfonic acid) (TBAS) copolymers. Transporrt of alkali metal ions through the membranes was investigated by using the system containing acid(left side) and alkali or alkali earth metal ions(right side). All these copolymer membranes transported alkali metal ions from the right side to left side against their concentration gradient. In order to obtain the membrane with high ability of transport of metal ions against its concentration gradient, it was necessary to (1) increase the content of carrier such as carboxyl group, phosphoric acid group or sulfonic groups in the membrane in the composition range at which the membrane can be used without breaking because of high swelling, (2) make the membrane dense for <H^+> and <OH^-> not to diffuse simply through the membrane by the concentration gradient, and (3) depress the diffusion of anion such as <Cl^-> into the membrane. The transport of alkali metal ions through the ETMA-MP and ETMA-TBAS copolymer membrane is higher than that through the ETMA-MAc copolymer membrane. The transport rate, transport fraction of alkali metal ions , and the selective transport between alkali metal ions through the ETMA-MAc copolymer membrane could be increased by using the copolymer membranes irradiated with ultra violet light, because the physical and chemical structure of the membrane made of ETMA-MAc copolymer can be easily be changed by irradiation with ultra violet light. The transport in this system, where one side of the membrane in a cell was acidic and the other alkaline, was influenced significantly by the initial <H^+> concentration on the acidic side.

以甲基丙烯酸2,3-环硫丙酯(ETMA)-甲基丙烯酸(MAc)、ETMA-2-甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯(MP)、ETMA-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(叔丁基丙烯酰胺磺酸)制备阳离子交换膜。）（TBAS）共聚物。使用含有酸（左侧）和碱金属或碱土金属离子（右侧）的系统研究了碱金属离子通过膜的传输。所有这些共聚物膜都逆其浓度梯度将碱金属离子从右侧传输到左侧。为了获得逆浓度梯度具有高金属离子传输能力的膜，需要(1)在组成范围内增加膜中载体如羧基、磷酸基或磺酸基的含量。 (2) 使膜致密，使 <H^+> 和 <OH^-> 不会通过浓度梯度简单地通过膜扩散，(3) 降低阴离子的扩散，例如<Cl^-> 进入膜。碱金属离子通过ETMA-MP和ETMA-TBAS共聚物膜的传输高于通过ETMA-MAc共聚物膜的传输。通过使用经紫外光照射的共聚物膜，可以提高碱金属离子通过ETMA-MAc共聚物膜的传输速率、碱金属离子的传输分数以及碱金属离子之间的选择性传输，因为膜的物理和化学结构使得ETMA-MAc共聚物的结构可以通过紫外光照射轻易地改变。在该系统中，细胞膜的一侧呈酸性，另一侧呈碱性，运输受到酸性侧初始<H^+>浓度的显着影响。