Crop growth limitation set by low water temperature stress in rice

水稻低水温胁迫对作物生长造成限制

基本信息

批准号：
08456007
负责人：
NAKASEKO Kimio
金额：
$ 4.99万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456007/
关键词：
Dry matter production Nitrogen accumulation Oryza sativa L.Photosynthetic rate Spikelet fertility Tolerance to cool temperature Varietal difference Yield 発育日数水温ストレス根乾物重

项目摘要

Low temperature of irrigation water can affect rice (Oryza saliva L.) growth by limiting various processes, which differ with the growth stages, but a synthetic understanding is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low water temperature on growth, development and yield during three growth periods under field conditions. The treatment was conducted during the vegetative, the reproductive and grain-filling periods, In the temperatures range from 16 to 25ﾟC, cool water decreased grain yield most severely during the reproductive period by limiting spikelet fertility with a more than five-fold difference between cultivars at 19ﾟC, but the crop growth rate (CGR) was least damaged. The varietal difference in spikelet fertility was not associated with CGR, photosynthetic rates, and anther length. Root pruning at panicle formation and at booting also did not alter spikelet density. The largest influence on CGR occurred in the vegetative period. While leaf area and radiation interception were markedly reduced, radiation use efficiency was relatively unaffected. A cultivar with high ability of leaf expansion showed higher CGR under cool water temperatures. The effect on the photosynthetic rates was relatively small (5-15 %) when averaged over the treatment period, but the response to the water temperature changed substantially during the treatment for the vegetative and the reproductive growth periods, with a large reduction in the first half and the recovery in the second half. These changes were largely attributable to the response of the stomatal conductance to the water temperature, possibly via changes in the water status of the plants. Cool water also reduced crop N accumulation by limiting both N accumulation per unit biomass increase and leaf area production per unit N increase, but the latter had the comparative importance in CGR reduction due to low water temperatures.

灌溉水的低温会通过限制各种过程，这与生长阶段不同，会影响大米（Oryza唾液L.）生长，但是合成的理解仍然有限。这项研究的目的是确定低水温对田间条件下三个生长期生长，发育和产量的影响。治疗是在营养性的，在温度为16至25 c的繁殖期和谷物填充期间，通过限制尖峰的生育能力，在生殖时期，冷水降低的谷物产量最严重，而在19°C时品种之间的差异超过5倍，但农作物生长速率（CGR）最小。尖峰生育能力的各种差异与CGR，光合率和其他长度无关。在圆锥花序形成和引导时的根修剪也不会改变尖峰密度。在蔬菜期间对CGR的影响很大。虽然叶片面积和辐射截距显着降低，但辐射使用效率相对不受影响。在凉爽的水温下，具有较高叶片膨胀能力的品种表现出更高的CGR。在治疗期间平均时，对照片对称率的影响相对较小（5-15％），但是在治疗期间，对蔬菜和繁殖生长期的水温的反应发生了很大变化，上半年的降低幅度很大，下半场的恢复率很大。这些变化在很大程度上归因于气孔电导对水温的响应，这可能是通过植物水状态的变化而发生的。冷水还通过限制单位生物量增加的N积累和每单位n增加的叶子面积产生，从而减少了农作物N的积累，但是由于水温较低，后者在CGR降低方面具有比较重要性。