A Study of Areal and Genealogical Distribution of Word Order around the World

世界各地词序的地域和谱系分布研究

• 批准号: 09610529
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Hideki
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: HIROSAKI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610529/
• 关键词: Linguistic Typology; Word Order Type; Consistent Word Order; Typogeography; the World's Languages; Comparative Linguistics; Language Contact; Geographical Typology; 再建; 地理的分布; 系統的分布; 語順変化; 準整合的語順; 通時変化

In this study, I have made a list of data on word order from around 3,000 languages, a list of its genealogical distribution, and maps of word order distributions in each area on the globe, all of which are the largest in the world. Analyzing them, I have demonstrated the following points in the present study.When the word order is considered from an areal-typological point of view, we find that only two or three word order types, namely, consistent VO, and consistent or subconsistent OV types occupy vast continuous areas on the globe. Although there exist a number of languages with inconsistent word order, none of the inconsistent types occupies such a large continuous area, and they are usually located around consistent types with some geographical or diachronic factors : language contact between different types or transition from one consistent type to another. Thus, we can consider the consistent types to be still significant as basic, ideal, or prototypical types of human languages, and inconsistent types to be typically transitional types, which exist only in peripheral areas of consistent word order types.Currently, the areas of consistent VO type are almost as large as those of consistent OV type. When the distribution is considered from a historical point of view, however, it is very likely that most of the areas had been covered with (S)OV-type languages and that the areas of VO type had been very restricted before major language families began to expand after the Neolithic age.Although I have already published several papers during this study, I intend to study the areal and genealogical distribution on word order more intensively, and write a book on the topic.

在这项研究中，我列出了大约3000种语言的词序数据列表、其谱系分布列表以及全球各个地区的词序分布图，这些都是世界上最大的。通过对它们的分析，我在本研究中论证了以下几点。当从区域类型学的角度考虑词序时，我们发现只有两种或三种词序类型，即一致的VO和一致或次一致的OV类型占据了地球上广阔的连续区域。尽管存在多种语序不一致的语言，但没有一种不一致类型占据如此大的连续区域，它们通常位于一致类型周围，并具有某些地理或历时因素：不同类型之间的语言接触或从一种一致类型的过渡到另一个。因此，我们可以认为一致类型作为人类语言的基本、理想或原型类型仍然具有重要意义，而不一致类型则属于典型的过渡类型，仅存在于一致词序类型的外围区域。一致 VO 类型几乎与一致 OV 类型一样大。然而，如果从历史的角度考虑分布情况，很可能在主要语系出现之前，大部分地区就已经被(S)OV型语言所覆盖，而VO型语言的区域则非常有限。虽然我在这项研究期间已经发表了几篇论文，但我打算更深入地研究词序的地区和谱系分布，并就此主题写一本书。

项目成果

山本秀樹: "世界諸言語における語順の地理的分布の変遷"一般化言語学論叢. 第1号. 49-72 (1998)

Hideki Yamamoto：“世界语言中词序地理分布的变化”普通语言学系列第 1. 49-72 (1998)。