Research on the Matrimonial Property Relations in Modern Japan

近代日本夫妻财产关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
07620002
负责人：
KONDO Kayoko
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Miyagi University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07620002/
关键词：
Matrimonial property relations

项目摘要

First, we considered that how the matrimonial property relations were evolved after the enforcement of the Civil Code (1898) by analyzing the transition of judicial decisions.The matrimonial property relations prescribed in the Civil Code were as follows. Every wife, even if she was the head of a house (Ie), had to obtain her husband's consent to carry out some juristic acts and her property was under the control of her husband. So, a husband could unify the property of his wife to that of his own and could employ it. The system that was putting a wife under disability, the intention of the legislators was to prevent a wife from doing juristic acts against her husband's will, so that he could unify and manage the family property.But, actually, the system did more harm than good for the safety of transactions by the cancellation of the act done by a wife without her husband's consent. So, in the judgments, they eased the form of the husband's consent or denied the cancellation after the marriage was disolved, so that the safety of transactions could be protected. Although, revising the provisions was necessary to solve the problems fundamentally.Second, we examined the work of amending the Civil Code during the Taisho and the early Showa era. The gists of the amendment of the Civil Code (1925) intended to extend the legal capacity of a wife and to abolish a husband's right for the management of the property of his wife. It could mean the extension of the legal rights of a wife. But, for the legislators, the main aim of the amendment was to protect the safety of transactions.

首先，我们通过分析司法判决的变迁来思考《民法典》（1898年）施行后夫妻财产关系的演变。《民法典》规定的夫妻财产关系如下。每个妻子，即使她是一家之主（即），实施一些法律行为也必须得到丈夫的同意，她的财产也由丈夫控制。因此，丈夫可以将妻子的财产与自己的财产统一起来并可以使用。妻子残疾制度，立法者的本意是为了防止妻子做出违背丈夫意愿的法律行为，以便丈夫能够统一管理家庭财产。但事实上，这一制度弊大于利。取消妻子未经丈夫同意的行为，有利于交易安全。所以，在判决中，他们放宽了婚姻解除后征得丈夫同意或者否认解除的形式，从而保障了交易安全。不过，要从根本上解决问题，就必须修改条款。其次，我们考察了大正和昭和初期的民法典修改工作。《民法典》修正案（1925年）的要点旨在扩大妻子的法律行为能力并废除丈夫管理妻子财产的权利。这可能意味着妻子合法权利的延伸。但对于立法者来说，此次修正案的主要目的是保护交易安全。