Medieval Revival and its Transfiguration in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Britain

十八世纪和十九世纪英国的中世纪复兴及其变形

基本信息

批准号：
07610476
负责人：
FUWA Yuri
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The three-year research entitled "The Medieval Revival and its Transfiguration in Eightengh- and Nineteenth-century Brutain" first focuses on the figure of the Druid, the religious leader in ancient Britain and on how the figure transformed during the century.In the beginning of the eighteenth century, William Stukeley, for example, demonstrated his interest in archaeological remains such as Stonehenge and Audry. He associated these ancient monuments with druidical monuments. Such interest in British ancient relics reflects the changing intellectual climate, the positive reassessment of their own past, as represented by figures such as the Druids.The eighteenth-century view of the Druids notably changes from a fanatic barbarous figure to the defender of liberty ; William Mason's Garactacus and Thomas Gray's The Bard are among the examples. Celtic Revival movement in Wales prepared English Medievalism : the movement aimed at preserving ancient manuscripts and made English antiquarians, including Thomas Gray, accessible to ancient Welsh manuscripts in English, thus enhancing medieval interest. The interest in the Middle Ages brought out the editions of Sik Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur, the story of King Arthur. The popularity of King Arthur quickly attested the frequent reprints of the work, creating the reader, and dearing fruit in mid-nineteenth century Arthurian Revival. The druid yielded its place to King Arthur : the druid, often associated with liberty, may have been regarded as radically dangerous emblematic figure, while King Arthur is a king after all, embodying safe reassuring Toryism.

这项为期三年的研究题为“中世纪复兴及其在十八世纪和十九世纪布鲁坦的变形”，首先关注古英国宗教领袖德鲁伊的形象，以及这个人物在本世纪的转变。例如，18 世纪的威廉·斯图克利 (William Stukeley) 表现出了他对巨石阵和奥德里等考古遗迹的兴趣。他将这些古老的纪念碑与德鲁伊纪念碑联系起来。对英国古代文物的这种兴趣反映了不断变化的知识氛围，以及对自己过去的积极重新评估，以德鲁伊等人物为代表。十八世纪德鲁伊的观点明显从狂热的野蛮人物转变为自由的捍卫者；威廉·梅森的《加拉克塔克斯》和托马斯·格雷的《吟游诗人》就是其中的例子。威尔士的凯尔特复兴运动为英国中世纪主义做好了准备：该运动旨在保存古代手稿，并使包括托马斯·格雷在内的英国古物学家能够接触到英语的古代威尔士手稿，从而增强了中世纪的兴趣。对中世纪的兴趣催生了锡克·托马斯·马洛里（Sik Thomas Malory）的亚瑟王故事《Morte Darthur》的版本。《亚瑟王》的受欢迎程度很快证明了该书的频繁重印，创造了读者，并在十九世纪中叶的亚瑟王复兴中取得了可贵的成果。德鲁伊让位给了亚瑟王：德鲁伊通常与自由联系在一起，可能被认为是极其危险的象征人物，而亚瑟王毕竟是国王，体现了安全可靠的托利主义。