Reappraisal of Indigenous Husbandry and Technology Transfer

重新评估本土畜牧业和技术转让

基本信息

批准号：
06041057
负责人：
OHJI Toshiaki
金额：
$ 18.5万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We carried out field researches on millet dry farming system in sub-Saharan West Africa and India to assess the possibility of technology transfer between these two regions ("horizontal transfer"), not from north to south ("vertical transfer"). Major results obtained are as follows.1. We confirmed that the Indian millet farming system can serve as a model which achieved productivity and sustainability at the same time. Indian farming system is characterized by intimate mutual association between agriculture and livestock raising.2. In contrast, agriculture and livestock raising is basically practiced by different ethnic groups in sub-Saharan West Africa. Close cooperation between them does not seem to have evolved.3. To evaluate the impact of technology transfer from temperate countries to tropical Africa, we made a case study in Thiongoni village in Mali. We revealed the mechanism how ridge cultivation using an animal-drawn French plow ("charrue") has caused a soil degradation. The co … More nstruction of Markala Dam across Niger River also had a negative effect through loss of seasonally-flooded rice fields along the river, which lead to overdependence on upland fields.4. Several different types of indigenous farming system, probably adapted to different environment, were recognized through the extensive survey in West Africa. A type is characterized by sowing and intercultivation by a long-handled hoe or spade with standing posture, and is distributed through drier part of Sahel. Another type, characterized by sowing and intercultivation by a short-handled hoe with bending posture, prevails in Sudan-savanna area. A characteristic intensive soil management systems were observed in Dogon plateau and Gondo plain.5. In conclusion, transfer of millet farming technology from India to West Africa seems beneficial and requires further assessment of feasibility. However, the heterogeneity of environment and indigenous farming system in both donor and receiver areas, as stated above, should be taken into account. Less

我们对撒哈拉以南西非和印度的小米干农业系统进行了现场研究，以评估这两个地区之间技术转移的可能性（“水平转移”），而不是从北到南（“垂直转移”）。获得的主要结果如下1。我们确认，印度小米农业系统可以作为同时实现生产力和可持续性的模型。印度农业制度的特征是同意与牲畜养殖之间的亲密相互关联2。相比之下，撒哈拉以南西非的不同种族基本上实践了同意和牲畜养育。它们之间的密切合作似乎没有发展。3。为了评估从温度国家到热带非洲的技术转移的影响，我们在马里的Thiongoni村进行了案例研究。我们揭示了使用动物绘制的法国犁（“ Charrue”）导致土壤降解的机制。尼日尔河的马尔卡拉大坝的更多建筑物也因沿河季节性水稻田的丧失而产生了负面影响，从而导致高地田地过度依赖。4。通过西非的广泛调查，人们认识到了几种不同类型的土著农业系统，可能适合不同的环境。一种类型的特征是通过长柄hoe或铲子和站立姿势播种和互相灌输，并通过萨赫尔的驾驶员部分分发。另一种类型的特征是苏丹 - 萨瓦纳地区盛行，由弯曲姿势的短身着hoe播种和互化。在多贡高原和贡多平原上观察到了特征密集的土壤管理系统。5。总之，将小米农业技术从印度转移到西非似乎是有益的，需要进一步评估可行性。但是，如上所述，应考虑到捐赠者和接收者区域的环境和土著农业系统的异质性。较少的