A role of large-scale volcanism in global environmental changes

大规模火山活动在全球环境变化中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
05302062
负责人：
MACHIDA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05302062/
关键词：
Large-scale volcanism Aerosol release Tephra Global environmental changes Ice core Tree ring Laminated lacustrine clay Rise and fall of civilization

项目摘要

1.A worldwide tephra catalog is compiled for the Quaternary large-scale explosive eruptions. It covers such volcanic regions as Japan, New Zealand, North America, Europe, East Africa, and Southeast Asia. This tephra database includes petrographic characters of tephra-forming minerals, dating results, stratigraphic position in the marine isotope stages, distribution, volume, etc. This must be useful for correlation and identification of tephra observed in remote areas as well as for understanding of a role of large-scale eruptions in controlling global climatic changes.2.Of several marked transition stages in climate recorded in marine isotope fluctuations, border stages 3/2 and 5a/4 are characterized by such large explosive volcanisms as Aira-Tn and Taupo-Kawakawa tephras, and Toba tephra, respectively. This coincidence strongly suggests that rapid cooling may have induced or accerelated from these climactic volcanisms.3.The last 200-years long volcanic signals are determined from ice core of Antarctica. In particular, the 1809 and 1815 signals are prominent. The latter is a product of the great Tambora eruption, but the source volcano of the former has not yet been determined, presumably in the southern hemisphere.4.A non-glacial varved chronology is applied for determining calendar age of large scale eruptions producing several marker tephras such as Kikai-Akahoya and Ulreung-Oki ashes.

1.全球tephra目录是为第四纪大规模爆炸爆发而编译的。它涵盖了日本，新西兰，北美，欧洲，东非和东南亚等火山地区。该tephra数据库包括tephra形成矿物质的岩石学特征，约会结果，在海洋同位素阶段的地层位置，分布，分布，体积等。这对于在偏远地区观察到的Tephra的相关性和鉴定必须有用阶段3/2和5A/4的特征是诸如Aira-TN和Taupo-Kawawawa Tephras和Toba Tephra等大型爆炸性火山。这种巧合强烈表明，快速冷却可能是从这些高潮火山造成的。3。最后200年的长火山信号是由南极洲的冰核确定的。特别是，1809年和1815年的信号是突出的。后者是大型坦伯拉爆发的产物，但前者的源火山尚未确定，大概是在南半球。4.1。非冰川彩色彩色年代学用于确定大规模爆发的日历年龄，产生了几个标记的Tephras，例如Kikikai-Akai-akai-akaigai-akahoya和ulreung-oki ashes ashes。