3D-AM Thermally Smart Composites for Highly Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Design and Retrofitting

3D-AM 热智能复合材料用于高度可持续和节能的建筑设计和改造

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03808
• 负责人: Lachemi, Mohamed
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749373
• 关键词: 3D; AM; Thermally; Smart; Composites

Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from the construction sector is critical to curbing the unprecedented recent increase in the global mean abundance of carbon dioxide. According to the 2020 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction, the sector accounts for almost 38% of energy- and process-related CO2 emissions worldwide. In particular, cement production and energy use in construction and its operational phases, and the disposal of demolition waste after the service life cycle, are the major sources of emission related to the building sector. Despite the severe environmental impact, almost all construction projects still rely on decades-old - and unstainable -- methods of construction and retrofitting, which need to be updated with novel methodologies to advance the construction industry toward greater sustainability. To eliminate the environmental impact of cementitious concretes and limit the energy use of buildings while properly recycling construction and demolition wastes (CDW), this research proposes to develop novel, thermally-smart, eco-friendly and energy-saving CDW-based geopolymer composites that can be easily used as structural and insulation/retrofitting materials in new and existing buildings via three-dimensional additive manufacturing (3D-AM) processing techniques. It is expected they will have the advantages of phase change materials (PCMs) in terms of enhanced storage capacity, be completely stable and PCM leak-proof, be optimally designed with conductive fillers for maximizing their thermal conductivity and have high mechanical and durability performance. Further, they will be based entirely on CDW materials through their maximized inclusion as binders, aggregates and hardeners. Hence, the resulting thermally smart composites will be optimized for the 3D printing process by fulfilling the required rheological, thixotropic, mechanical and printability properties of additive manufacturing. The targeted geopolymer composites will be developed to suit any building design and retrofitting application through reinforced building envelope walls and retrofitting/coating techniques. The final performance assessment of these innovative systems will be undertaken on laboratory-scale prototypes under various hot and cold environments to ensure that the targeted thermal performances are achieved. Also, sustainability and cost effectiveness will be ensured from material synthesis to the final application of the developed composites by performing environmental and cost assessment analyses throughout the planned tasks. The outcome of the proposed research will be to greatly reduce energy consumption by the building sector in Canada and around the world, and to find practical, ecological solutions for the mass recycling of landfilled CDW materials. Such energy savings are expected to be a significant advancement toward decarbonizing the construction industry and reducing global CO2 emissions and related climate change impact.

减少建筑行业与能源相关的二氧化碳排放对于遏制全球二氧化碳平均丰度近期前所未有的增长至关重要。根据《2020 年全球建筑业状况报告》，该行业占全球能源和工艺相关二氧化碳排放量的近 38%。特别是，建筑及其运营阶段的水泥生产和能源使用，以及使用寿命周期后拆除废物的处置，是与建筑行业相关的主要排放源。尽管对环境造成了严重影响，但几乎所有建筑项目仍然依赖于已有数十年历史且不可持续的建筑和改造方法，需要用新的方法进行更新，以推动建筑行业实现更大的可持续性。为了消除水泥混凝土对环境的影响，限制建筑物的能源使用，同时适当回收建筑和拆除废物（CDW），本研究建议开发新型、热智能、环保和节能的 CDW 基地聚合物复合材料，通过三维增材制造 (3D-AM) 加工技术，可以轻松用作新建和现有建筑的结构和隔热/改造材料。预计它们将具有相变材料（PCM）在增强存储容量方面的优势，完全稳定且PCM防漏，通过导电填料进行优化设计以最大化其导热性，并具有高机械和耐用性能。此外，它们将完全基于 CDW 材料，最大限度地包含粘合剂、骨料和硬化剂。因此，所得的热智能复合材料将通过满足增材制造所需的流变性、触变性、机械性和可印刷性特性，针对 3D 打印工艺进行优化。通过加固建筑围护墙和改造/涂层技术，将开发目标地质聚合物复合材料，以适应任何建筑设计和改造应用。这些创新系统的最终性能评估将在各种冷热环境下的实验室规模原型上进行，以确保实现目标热性能。此外，通过在整个计划任务中进行环境和成本评估分析，将确保从材料合成到所开发复合材料的最终应用的可持续性和成本效益。拟议研究的成果将大大减少加拿大和世界各地建筑部门的能源消耗，并为填埋的车辆垃圾材料的大规模回收找到实用的生态解决方案。这种节能预计将成为建筑行业脱碳、减少全球二氧化碳排放和相关气候变化影响的重大进步。