History of an Idea of "Chemical Process" in Prewar

战前“化学过程”思想的历史

基本信息

批准号：
03680096
负责人：
JIDO Yuji
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. We studied the history of formation of the idea, "chemical process" in Japan concerning the followings :(1) historical changes of terminologies of operation, apparatus and process in the textbooks of chemical technologies, industrial chemistries, chemical engineering and other allied fields concerning acid industries and alkali ones in prewar Japan.(2) problems on chemical resources on which the development of combination processes depend.(3) a historical process of investigations on technologies in production processes in factories.(4) and effects that the industrial development in construction of chemical apparatus gave to the formation of the idea of "chemical process" in 1930s.2. We obtained the following results(1) main operations remained empirical in the sulfuric acid industry and iodide one where resources were abundant in Meiji period. To the contrary, in the case of the soda industry where resources were not always abundant, engineering methods were introduced and developed.(2) in 1930s, an scientific understanding on various chemical processes proceeded under the condition that chemical apparatuses had to be designed and constructed in Japan, but there remained many confusions in terminologies on "apparatus", "machine", "process" and allied ones.(3) discussions on the terminologies, "chemical machine" and "chemical apparatus" played an important role to progress the understanding on "chemical process", while "unit operation" in USA, and "Verfahren" or "Apparat" in Germany.

1。我们研究了日本的“化学过程”的形成历史：（1）化学技术，工业化学，化学工程和其他相关领域的操作，设备和过程的术语的历史变化：在日本的酸性工艺中，（2）依赖于化学的过程（2）依赖于化学的过程。工厂生产过程中的技术。（4）和化学设备构建工业发展的影响使1930s.2的“化学过程”思想形成。我们获得了以下结果（1）主要运营在硫酸行业和碘化物中仍然是经验，其中Meiji时期资源丰富。相反，在苏打水行业的情况下并不总是充裕的情况下，引入和开发了工程方法。（2）在1930年代，在日本必须在日本设计和建造的化学设备的条件下，对各种化学过程进行了科学理解，但是在“机器”，“机器”的术语上，在术语中仍然存在许多混乱，并在“机器”上进行了混乱，并列为“”（3）。 “化学设备”在进步“化学过程”的理解中起着重要作用，而在美国的“单位操作”以及德国的“ Verfahren”或“ Apperat”。