Economic Transformation in Rural SE Asia

东南亚农村地区的经济转型

基本信息

批准号：
03041020
负责人：
YASAKA Masamitsu
金额：
$ 5.76万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The philippines and Thailand showed close economic similarities at least until 1980, in spite of different cultural, social and political conditions. The gap of macroeconomic performances between these two countries, however, has expanded rapidly since 1980s. It is well-Known that Thailand is now called one of the Dynamic Asian Economies, while the Philippine economy has remained stagnant for long. The aim of the study is to inquire reasons of this expanding economic gap, by conducting field researches in rural and urban areas in both of the countries.In 1991, the effects of land reform in the Philippines were examined by field researches in plantations in Bicol and Western Visayas, and paddies in Central Luzon. This land reform was prominent in that it would cover all of the farmlands and even landless laborers should be beneficiaries. This research showed, however, that the poor performances in implementation disappointed peasants and landless laborers. Although the government has begun to implement the reform in cooperations with NGOs and People Organizations, the supporting services are still poor. Even in Central Luzon, which is the biggest grain belt in the Philippines and has enjoyed considerable agricultural development, the income distribution between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries will get worse.The researches on labor markets in rural and urban areas in Thailand were conducted in 1992. In Central and Northern Thai, it was clarified that labor shortages had occurred because of the development in rural manufacturings and dairy farming. Recently wages for landless laborers in these areas have become higher and consequently migration to Bangkok ceased. In Bangkok, the fact finding on the informal sector in a slum also showed an interesting aspect : while most of the permanent residents who were incorporated into the formal sector came from Central and Northern Thai, the temporary dwellers whose labor markets were fragmented were mostly from Northeast.

尽管文化，社会和政治条件不同，菲律宾和泰国至少直到1980年才显示出近距离的经济相似性。然而，自1980年代以来，这两个国家之间的宏观经济表现差距已迅速扩大。众所周知，泰国现在被称为动态亚洲经济体之一，而菲律宾经济长期以来一直停滞不前。该研究的目的是通过在两个国家的农村和城市地区进行现场研究来询问这种不断扩大的经济差距的原因。在1991年，菲律宾的土地改革的影响是由比科尔和西沙耶沙纪上的种植园的现场研究对菲律宾进行了研究，以及中央吕宋岛的帕迪斯。这项土地改革是突出的，因为它将涵盖所有农田，甚至没有土地的劳动者应该是受益人。但是，这项研究表明，实施中的表现不佳使农民和无土地劳动者失望。尽管政府已经开始在与非政府组织和人民组织的合作中实施改革，但支持服务仍然很差。即使在吕宋中部，这是菲律宾最大的谷物腰带，并且享有相当大的农业发展，受益人和非信徒之间的收入分配也会变得更糟。泰国农村和城市地区的劳动力市场的研究是在1992年进行的。泰国中部和北部的劳动不足，这是泰国的劳动短期，因为这是由于制造业而发生了繁华的境内，而这是一家人的开发。最近，这些地区无土地劳动者的工资变得更高，因此迁移到曼谷的工资已停止。在曼谷，贫民窟中非正式部门的事实也显示出一个有趣的方面：虽然大多数被纳入正规部门的永久居民来自泰国中部和北部，但劳动力市场分散的临时居民主要来自东北。