Analysis of Pollutants in Rain and Snow in the Circum-pan-Japan-Sea Area (Japan, Korea and China)

环日本海地区（日、韩、中）雨雪污染物分析

基本信息

批准号：
02041032
负责人：
HIRAI Eiji
金额：
$ 12.8万
依托单位：
Hokuriku University (1992)Kanazawa University (1990-1991)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02041032/
关键词：
rain, acid ; rain, snow sulfuric ion Kosa (yellow sand)soil atmospheric pressure arrangement Japan-Sea rim Chongqing International Symposium on the Air Pollution Control Policy and Strategy Chongqing '92 環日本海域大気汚染物質長距離輸送中国・重慶東

项目摘要

The concentration of sulfites was higher than that of nitrates in acid rain at China compared with that at Japan, North America and Europe. Eighty percent of the fossil fuel consumption was coal in China. The coal is rich in sulfur. The energy usage efficiency was low in China. Moreover, the Desulfur technic has not developed so much in China. Therefore, the acid rain in China was sulfuric type. The concentration of ammonium and calcium ion were high at Beijing and Tianjin compared with those at Chongqing and Guiyang, whereas, sulfuric ion concentration was similar between at these cities. Acidification of rain has not occurred in northern China yet, because ammonium and calcium ion neutralized acid rain. Generally, the soil in northern area is alkaline. When the airborne particulate matters were included in rain fall, the rain possibly be neutralized by airborne particulate matters, because the chemical characters of those are generally similar to that of soil. In other word, Kosa (yellow sand), which was generated from Kodo Plateau and Takuramakan Desert in northwest area of China, was one of the neutralizing material of acid rain.International symposium was held at Chongqing in last year which was based on this study (International Symposium on the Air Pollution Control Policy and Strategy Chongqing '92, October, 1992, Chongqing, China). The proceedings were accompanied by this report. This abstract is also based on the research by Mr. Quan Hao, the member of our group in China, and Environmental Protection Bureau in Chongqing. In addition, Mr. Min-Hee Lee, the member of our group in Korea, obtained Ph Degree, by studying acid rain dynamics in Korea, at Kanazawa University on 12 th, March, 1992.

与日本、北美和欧洲相比，中国酸雨中亚硫酸盐浓度高于硝酸盐浓度。中国化石燃料消耗的百分之八十是煤炭。煤中富含硫。中国能源利用效率较低。而且脱硫技术在国内还没有那么发达。因此，我国的酸雨是硫酸型的。北京和天津的铵离子和钙离子浓度高于重庆和贵阳，而硫酸离子浓度则相似。我国北方尚未出现雨水酸化，是因为铵离子和钙离子中和了酸雨。北方地区的土壤一般呈碱性。当降雨中含有空气颗粒物时，雨水可能会被空气颗粒物中和，因为这些颗粒物的化学性质通常与土壤的化学性质相似。也就是说，中国西北地区的科多高原和塔仓玛干沙漠生成的科沙（黄沙）是酸雨的中和物质之一。去年在重庆举办的国际研讨会就是基于这项研究（重庆'92空气污染控制政策与战略国际研讨会，1992年10月，中国重庆）。诉讼程序附有本报告。本摘要也是基于我们中国小组成员权浩先生和重庆市环境保护局的研究。另外，我们的韩国课题组成员Min-Hee Lee先生于1992年3月12日在金泽大学通过研究韩国酸雨动力学获得博士学位。