Observations on the nature of clouds and their glaciation

对云及其冰川作用的性质的观察

基本信息

批准号：
63540311
负责人：
ISHIZAKA Yutaka
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63540311/
关键词：
Microstructure of cloud Ice cloud Cloud droplet Cloud water content Ice crystal Ice enhancement Video measuring probe of cloud particles 雲粒子直接測定装置氷晶核氷晶の発生雲の氷晶化度氷晶の発生機構

项目摘要

Clouds have a significant effect on atmospheric processes such as formation of precipitation and radiative energy transfer. The precipitation efficiency and optical properties of clouds are related closely to nature and state of clouds.Knowledge on nature of clouds and their glaciation is indispensable for elucidation of the effects of clouds on atmospheric processes. Therefore, observations on nature of clouds and their glaciation were made in this study. This report presents the three results of a study on nature of clouds and their glaciation.(1) Development of video measuring probe of cloud particles In order to measure species, size and concentration of cloud particles directly, a handy video measuring probe of cloud particles was developed. Cloud particles collected on slide glass by means of impaction method are photographed by a CCD camera after magnification. Cloud particles larger than about three microns in diameter are detected by this probe.(2) Aircraft observation on microstructure of clouds The size distribution of cloud particles and cloud water content for clouds near Nagoya and Amami Island were observed with the cloud droplet spectrometer (PMS in USA, Model FSSP-100) and video measuring probe mounted on an aircraft (Cessna 404). It was suggested from these observations that size of cloud droplets and cloud water content may be modified by glaciation of water clouds.(3) Observations of nature and state of ice clouds Number concentration of ice crystals in wintertime clouds were observed with sedimentation and impaction method at Shiga Heights. Top temperature of clouds over Shiga Heights were inferred from IR images of GMS. It is inferred from the observation that many ice crystals are possibly formed by some ice enhancement in clouds over Japan, if reported data on ice nuclei are correct.

云对大气过程有显着影响，例如降水的形成和辐射能传递。云的降水效率和光学特性与云的自然和状态密切相关。关于云的性质及其冰川的知识对于阐明云对大气过程的影响是必不可少的。因此，在这项研究中对云的性质及其冰川进行了观察。本报告介绍了有关云的性质及其冰川的研究的三个结果。（1）开发了视频测量云颗粒探针以直接测量云颗粒的物种，大小和浓度，开发了一个方便的视频测量云颗粒探针。放大后，CCD摄像头通过CCD摄像头拍摄了在幻灯片上收集的云颗粒。该探针通过该探针检测到大于大约三微米的云颗粒。（2）在云的微观结构上观察云颗粒的大小和云水分的尺寸分布和云岛附近的云水分的尺寸分布和云液滴光谱仪（PMS在美国，型号FSSP-100）和探针安装在飞机上（pms in an Ana Ana Anth Anecraft（cessna）4044444444444444444444444）。从这些观察结果中提出，云滴的大小和云水含量可以通过冰川云的冰川化来改变。（3）在冬季云中观察到自然和冰云的观察，并在shiga高度上观察到了冬季云中冰晶的数量浓度。从GM的IR图像推断出志贺高度上的云的最高温度。从这样的观察结果可以推断，如果报道的冰核数据正确，那么日本云中的某些冰晶体可能会形成。