The Reorganization of Federal Grants in the Reagan Years and the Backgrounds of It

里根时期联邦拨款的重组及其背景

• 批准号: 63530054
• 负责人: OKAMOTO Hideo
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: Tohoku Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63530054/
• 关键词: Block grant; Categorical grant; Reconciliation process; 納税者の反乱; 新連邦主義; 地方分権; プロジェクト型補助金; 福祉国家; 連邦補助金; 一般歳入分与; 政府間関係; 新連邦主義構想

Federal grants to states and local governments began to fall off at the end of the Carter period. We attribute this reason to the shift in the country towards towards a more conservative mood. The Reagan Administration accelerated downward trends in federal aid spending in a strong conservative mood and kept this level during his term. Programs targeted for the deepest cut the Reministration were services at the core of Great Society.The Reagan block grant proposals were so bold that prospects for enactment of them seemed very dim. But these expectations were dramatically reversed by the passage of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. The Reconciliation process allowed the issue to be framed in the president's terms. Key decisions about program structure were removed from the arena of individual committees, dominated by categorical grant sponsors and beneficiaries, and placed before Congress and the country as a whole. The Reconciliation also played an important role for cutting down federal budget, especially f deral grants on a large scale.Reagan Administration succeeded in grant reform by this new budget procedures. But these successes were never repeated during his term. The reason was that Congress had stronger partisan and ideological suspicions of block grant objectives.

卡特时期末期，联邦对州和地方政府的拨款开始减少。我们将此原因归因于该国转向更加保守的情绪。里根政府在强烈的保守情绪下加速了联邦援助支出的下降趋势，并在其任期内保持了这一水平。重新登记最大幅度削减的计划是伟大社会核心的服务。里根的整笔拨款提案是如此大胆，以至于颁布的前景似乎非常暗淡。但 1981 年《综合预算调节法案》的通过极大地扭转了这些期望。调节过程使问题能够以总统的方式来界定。有关计划结构的关键决策已从由明确拨款资助者和受益人主导的各个委员会的舞台上移除，并提交给国会和整个国家。和解还对大规模削减联邦预算尤其是联邦拨款发挥了重要作用。里根政府正是通过这种新的预算程序成功地进行了拨款改革。但这些成功在他的任期内从未重演。原因是国会对整笔拨款目标有更强烈的党派和意识形态怀疑。

项目成果

Hideo Okamoto: "The Reorganization of Federal Grants in the Reagan Years" The Tohoku Gakuin University Review, Economics. No. 116. 19-59 (1991)

冈本秀夫：“里根时代联邦拨款的重组”东北学院大学评论，经济学。

岡本英男: "ロ-ウィの多元主義批判について" 東北学院大学論集経済学. 113. 107-149 (1990)

冈本秀夫：“论洛伊对多元主义的批判”东北学院大学经济学杂志 113. 107-149 (1990)

岡本 英男: "レ-ガン政権下における連邦補助金制度の改革" 東北学院大学論集・経済学. 116号. 19-59 (1991)

冈本秀夫：“里根政府下的联邦补贴制度的改革”东北学院大学经济学杂志第116期19-59（1991年）。