Functional morphological studies on the correlation between the pedal forms and myofibrous organization

踏板形态与肌纤维组织相关性的功能形态学研究

• 批准号: 62570017
• 负责人: KIMURA Tadanao
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Showa University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62570017/
• 关键词: Skeleton-muscle; Myofibrous organization; Muscle fiber types; Tonic contraction; Phasic contraction; Plastic contraction; Sudan black B; Locomotion; phasic contraction; plastic contraction; ホ乳類; 赤筋線維; 中間筋線維; 白筋線維; 蹠行型; 趾行型; 蹄行型; locomotio

The pedal forms of mammals are classified into three types: plantigrate type, in which the entire plantar region hits the ground, as seen in Primates and Rodentia ; digitigrade type, in which bones of digits of the foot hit the ground and the metatarsal bone and tarsal bones remain free from the ground, as seen in canines and felines of Carnivora; and unguligrade type, in which bones of the digits of the foot are differentiated into a hoof, as seen in Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. To analyze locomotion and function of the skeletal muscle according to the pedal forms from the viewpoint of muscle fiber types, specimens of the anterior tibial muscle of the lower extremities from 20 types of mammals in five orders were examined for frequencies of three types of fibers composing the muscle fiber cells, red muscle fiber (Type I, tonic contraction), white muscle fiber (Type II, phasic contraction) and intermediate muscle fiber (Type III, plastic contraction), and these three types of muscle fibers were compared quanrtitatively in terms of the size of the cell.The frequency of muscle fiber type II (W) was the highest in 16 of the 20 kinds of mammals, accounting for ca. 40 - 49 % of all types. This frequency was followed by Type I (R), ca. 30 - 39% , and Type III (I), ca. 20 - 29%, suggesting a tendency toward predominance of the white muscle type. By contrast, in two kinds of Primates, slow loris and humans, and two kinds of Artiodactyla, giraffes and wild boars, the frequency of R was the highest, showing a tendency toward predominance of Type I . When the size of the muscle fiber cell(mum^2)was determined according to type, in general the R type was the smallest, followed by I and W, in that order. However R was large and W was small in one kind of Primates, slow loris, showing a reversal of the size of the muscle fiber cell in most of the mammals.

哺乳动物的足部形态可分为三种类型：足足型，整个足底区域着地，如灵长类和啮齿类；趾行型，其中足趾骨着地，而跖骨和跗骨保持脱离地面，如食肉目犬科动物和猫科动物中所见；和蹄类类型，其中足趾骨分化为蹄，如偶蹄目和奇蹄目中所见。为了从肌纤维类型的角度分析根据踏板形状的骨骼肌的运动和功能，对来自 5 个目的 20 种哺乳动物的下肢前胫骨肌肉样本进行了检查，以了解组成的三种纤维的频率。肌纤维细胞，红肌纤维（I型，强直性收缩），白肌纤维（II型，阶段性收缩）和中间肌纤维（III型，塑性收缩），以及这三种类型的肌纤维20种哺乳动物中有16种肌纤维II型(W)出现频率最高，约占20种。占所有类型的 40 - 49%。此频率之后是 I 型 (R)，大约。 30 - 39%，以及 III (I) 型，约。 20 - 29%，表明白肌类型有占主导地位的趋势。相比之下，在两种灵长类懒猴和人类，以及两种偶蹄目长颈鹿和野猪中，R的频率最高，显示出I型占主导地位的趋势。当根据类型确定肌纤维细胞的大小（mum^2）时，一般来说R型最小，其次是I型、W型。然而，在一种灵长类懒猴中，R 较大，W 较小，这表明大多数哺乳动物的肌纤维细胞大小发生了逆转。