Functional morphological studies on the correlation between the pedal forms and myofibrous organization

踏板形态与肌纤维组织相关性的功能形态学研究

• 批准号: 62570017
• 负责人: KIMURA Tadanao
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Showa University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62570017/
• 关键词: Skeleton-muscle; Myofibrous organization; Muscle fiber types; Tonic contraction; Phasic contraction; Plastic contraction; Sudan black B; Locomotion; phasic contraction; plastic contraction; ホ乳類; 赤筋線維; 中間筋線維; 白筋線維; 蹠行型; 趾行型; 蹄行型; locomotio

The pedal forms of mammals are classified into three types: plantigrate type, in which the entire plantar region hits the ground, as seen in Primates and Rodentia ; digitigrade type, in which bones of digits of the foot hit the ground and the metatarsal bone and tarsal bones remain free from the ground, as seen in canines and felines of Carnivora; and unguligrade type, in which bones of the digits of the foot are differentiated into a hoof, as seen in Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. To analyze locomotion and function of the skeletal muscle according to the pedal forms from the viewpoint of muscle fiber types, specimens of the anterior tibial muscle of the lower extremities from 20 types of mammals in five orders were examined for frequencies of three types of fibers composing the muscle fiber cells, red muscle fiber (Type I, tonic contraction), white muscle fiber (Type II, phasic contraction) and intermediate muscle fiber (Type III, plastic contraction), and these three types of muscle fibers were compared quanrtitatively in terms of the size of the cell.The frequency of muscle fiber type II (W) was the highest in 16 of the 20 kinds of mammals, accounting for ca. 40 - 49 % of all types. This frequency was followed by Type I (R), ca. 30 - 39% , and Type III (I), ca. 20 - 29%, suggesting a tendency toward predominance of the white muscle type. By contrast, in two kinds of Primates, slow loris and humans, and two kinds of Artiodactyla, giraffes and wild boars, the frequency of R was the highest, showing a tendency toward predominance of Type I . When the size of the muscle fiber cell(mum^2)was determined according to type, in general the R type was the smallest, followed by I and W, in that order. However R was large and W was small in one kind of Primates, slow loris, showing a reversal of the size of the muscle fiber cell in most of the mammals.

哺乳动物的踏板形式分为三种类型：植物学类型，其中整个足底区域都击中了地面，如灵长类动物和啮齿动物所示。 Digitigrade类型，其中脚的数字骨头撞到了地面，MetaTarsal的骨头和Tarsal骨头仍然没有地面，如在Carnivora的犬类和猫科动物中所见。和非塑料类型，其中脚的数字骨头分化为蹄，如Artiodactyla和Perissodactyla所示。从肌肉纤维类型的角度根据踏板形式分析骨骼肌的运动和功能，在五个级别的20种哺乳动物中，下肢的前胫骨前肌的标本被检查的频率是三种类型的纤维的频率中等肌肉纤维（III型，塑料收缩），并根据细胞的大小进行比较。所有类型的40-49％。此频率之后是I型（R），CA。 30-39％和iii（i）型，加利福尼亚州。 20-29％，表明倾向于白人肌肉类型的趋势。相比之下，在两种灵长类动物，缓慢的洛里斯和人类中，以及两种artiodactyla，长颈鹿和野猪，R的频率最高，显示出I型占优势的趋势。当根据类型确定肌肉纤维细胞的大小（妈妈^2）时，通常的R类型是最小的，其次是I和W。然而，R很大，W中W较小，在一种灵长类动物中很小，慢速洛里斯，在大多数哺乳动物中显示出肌肉纤维细胞大小的逆转。