Evaluation of Heterosis in Cultivated Barley Varieties

栽培大麦品种杂种优势评价

• 批准号: 62560006
• 负责人: YASUDA Shozo
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62560006/
• 关键词: Heterosis; Diallel analysis; Growth analysis; Dominant short-stem gene; General combining ability; Specific combining ability; Planting dencity; uzu or semi-brachytic type; 相対生長率; 純同化率; 細胞質雄性不捻; 捻性回復遺伝子; 多面作用; 密穂遺伝子; ヘテローシス; 密穂製; オオムギ; 超優

It has been known that there are several barriers to hybridization between barley varieties: hybrid brittleness, hybrid weakness and hybrid lethal etc. In this study, therefore, experiments on heterosis in barley was made within the limit of rather narrow crossing. Seven kinds of experiments are carried out in this study. (1) Studies on combining ability between six-rowed barley varieties originated in East Asia, (2) heterosis in two-rowed barley varieties, (3) evaluation of combining ability by means of diallel crosses in barley, (4) expression of heterosis in stem length of F_1-hybrids between wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, (5) heterosis in stem length of F_1-hybrids in cultivated two-rowed barley, (6) relation between heterosis in mature and juvenile plants and (7) comparative investigation of heterosis effect under two different planting densities. In the Experiments(1), (2), (4) and (5), top cross system was used in which one or two varieties were taken as the donor parents, res … More pectively.In present study, high heterosis for yielding performance was obtained in F_1-hybrids within comparatively narrow range of crossing such as six-row type, two-row type and also uzu or semi-brachytic type, respectively. However, there were some tendencies to become larger expression of heterosis in F_1-hybrid between varieties collected from further distant. F_1-hybrid plants generally tended to elongate in stem length too much. So, dominant gene or genes for short stem were searched in this study, but no one dominant gene for short stem was found so far as 150 or more crosses were tested. Diallel analysis using 10 varieties showed significantly additive and dominant effects in yield and most of yield component characters, and some of cross combinations represented general or specific combining ability. Furthermore, results of growth analysis, made by F_1-hybrid plants and varieties, showed that major indications of growth or total dry weight, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio, have had non-significant relation with final grain yield of the plants. Less

众所周知，大麦品种之间存在多个杂交障碍：杂交脆性，杂交无力和杂种致死等。因此，在这项研究中，大麦的杂种实验是在相当狭窄的交叉范围内进行的。在这项研究中进行了七种实验。 （1）研究起源于东亚的六排大麦品种之间的能力的研究，（2）两行大麦变化中的杂种，（（3）通过拨号串在大麦中对拨号十字的结合能力的评估，（4）杂种在wild，hordemum spantraneum spantraneum s hordsbrid in f _1-hybrids f _1 hybrid中的杂种表达（4）两行大麦（6）成熟植物和幼体植物的杂种之间的关系以及（7）在两种不同的种植密度下杂种作用的比较研究。在实验（1），（2），（4）和（5）的实验中，使用了顶部跨系统，其中将一种或两个品种作为供体父母作为供体父母，res…更固定。在本研究中，在相对较窄的交叉范围内，在f_1杂种中获得了高杂种，例如在六型型类型中，例如六型型类型，两种型式uzu或sem uzu或sem uzu或sembrach ins for y1-杂种，则获得了近亲。但是，在从更远的远处收集的品种之间，在F_1杂交中有些趋势会变成更大的杂种表达。 F_1杂交植物通常倾向于在茎长度上拉长。因此，在这项研究中搜索了短茎的主要基因或基因，但是在测试了150个或更多的杂交中，没有发现短茎的主要基因。使用10种变量显示的拨号线分析在产量和大多数收益分量特征中显着添加和显性效应，而某些交叉组合代表了一般或特定的组合能力。此外，由F_1杂交植物和品种产生的生长分析结果表明，生长或总干重，相对生长速率，净同化速率和叶面积比的主要迹象与植物的最终谷物产量没有显着关系。较少的

项目成果

安田昭三: "オオムギ近縁野生種Hordeum Spontaneumにおける稈長のヘテロ-シス" 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(1). 326-327 (1988)

Shozo Yasuda：“Hordeum Spontaneum 中秆长度的杂种优势，一种与大麦密切相关的野生物种”《育种科学杂志》，38(1) (1988)。

安田昭三: 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(2). 286-287 (1988)

安田翔三：育种杂志特刊 38(2)。

YASUDA, S.: "Studies on hybrid vigor in barley. III. Evaluation of combining ability by means of a diallel analysis." Japan. J. Breed. (Suppl.) 37(1):296-297, 1987.

YASUDA, S.：“大麦杂交活力的研究。III.通过双列分析评估配合力。”

安田昭三: 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(1). 326-327 (1988)

安田昭三：育种杂志特刊 38(1) (1988)。

YASUDA, S.: "Heterosis in stem length of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum." Japan. J. Breed. (Suppl.) 38(1):326-327.1988.

YASUDA, S.：“野生大麦（Hordeum spontaneum）茎长度的杂种优势。”