Enhancing traits of agronomic and economic importance in wheat

增强小麦的农艺和经济重要性性状

• 批准号: 545510-2019
• 负责人: Ayele, Belay
• 金额: $ 11.57万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=699989
• 关键词: Enhancing; traits; agronomic; economic; importance

Wheat is one of the most economically important crops of Canada. However, its production is constantly challenged by a variety of factors including preharvest sprouting (PHS), which refers to germination of seeds on the parent plant prior to harvest, and lodging, which refers to falling over of the crop, often after ear emergence, due to high wind and rain. These factors in combination cause significant reduction in grain yield and quality, incurring high financial loss to wheat producers. The incidence of lodging in commercial wheat production is associated with increased usage of nitrogen fertilizers that is essential for attaining higher yields. Although chemical growth regulators can control crop height and mitigate the problem of lodging, their use is not sustainable due to its considerable additional cost to the producers and the associated environmental and food safety concerns. Most of the commercial wheat cultivars have been selected against seed dormancy to attain fast and uniform germination and rapid stand establishment, and as the result they are susceptible to PHS when wet conditions occur prior to harvest. The severity and frequency of environmental conditions that favor PHS are expected to increase with climate change. As a result, wheat cultivars with tolerance to lodging and PHS are sought by Canadian wheat producers. Seed dormancy and stem height/strength are regulated primarily by plant hormones; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood in wheat. Variation in PHS and lodging tolerance between wheat genotypes can also be attributed to genetic factors that act as key regulators of seed dormancy and stem height/strength, respectively. Nonetheless, the genetic mechanisms controlling these traits in wheat are scarcely studied. The proposed research is aimed at identifying novel genes/alleles that can be deployed as genomic tools to facilitate wheat breeding for enhanced tolerance to PHS and lodging, and thereby improve yield and quality and maximize economic returns to Canadian wheat producers.

小麦是加拿大最重要的经济作物之一。然而，其生产不断受到多种因素的挑战，包括收获前发芽（PHS），这是指收获前种子在母体植物上发芽，以及倒伏，指的是作物倒伏，通常是在穗出芽后，由于大风和大雨。这些因素综合起来导致粮食产量和质量显着下降，给小麦生产者带来巨大的经济损失。商业小麦生产中倒伏的发生与氮肥使用量的增加有关，氮肥对于获得高产至关重要。尽管化学生长调节剂可以控制作物高度并减轻倒伏问题，但由于其给生产者带来相当大的额外成本以及相关的环境和食品安全问题，其使用是不可持续的。大多数商业小麦品种都针对种子休眠进行了选择，以实现快速、均匀的发芽和快速的立地建立，因此，当收获前出现潮湿条件时，它们很容易受到 PHS 的影响。随着气候变化，有利于 PHS 的环境条件的严重程度和频率预计会增加。因此，加拿大小麦生产者寻求具有抗倒伏和 PHS 能力的小麦品种。种子休眠和茎高/强度主要受植物激素调节；然而，人们对小麦的潜在分子机制知之甚少。小麦基因型之间 PHS 和倒伏耐受性的差异也可归因于分别作为种子休眠和茎高/强度关键调节因子的遗传因素。尽管如此，控制小麦这些性状的遗传机制却很少被研究。拟议的研究旨在确定可用作基因组工具的新基因/等位基因，以促进小麦育种，增强对 PHS 和倒伏的耐受性，从而提高产量和质量，并最大限度地提高加拿大小麦生产者的经济回报。