Experimental study of condensation process of minerals in the primodial solar nebula.

原始太阳星云矿物凝结过程的实验研究。

基本信息

项目摘要

Condensation of mineral grains from gas at high temperatures took place in the primodial solar nebula, and solid planets and meteorites were formed by accretion of these grains. In the present research project, the following experiments on condensation were carried out to understand the primodial solar nebula; (1) condensation experiments of forsterite, (2) reaction experiments between olivine and Si-rich gas, and (3) coarsening experiments of olivine.(1) A new vacuum furnace, in which silicates are volatilized by heating and condensation takes place from the gas, was specially designed. By using this furnace, experiments were carried out in the system Mg_2SiO_4-H_2, which mimics the solar composition. Conditions for the condensation were determined, and it was concluded that the condensation is mainly controlled by temperature and forsterite whiskers can grow by the VLS mechanism. Condensates in the system MgSIO_3-H_2 produced at Carnegie Institution, U.S.A. were also examined. It was concluded that heterogeneous nucleation would play an important role in the condensation process.(2) Reaction between condensates and residual gas is another important process during the condensation. Preliminary experiments on reaction between olivine and Si-rich gas indicate that the reaction hardly took place for olivine crystals larger than the order of 1 um.(3) The crystal size is one of the most important factor not only for the reaction kinetics but also for solid-gas fractionation. Preliminary experiments using forsterite crystals indicate that coarsening due to Ostwald ripening was not effective even in slowly cooled nebula.
在原始的太阳星云中发生了高温下气体矿物晶粒的凝结,并通过这些晶粒的积聚形成固体行星和陨石。在本研究项目中,进行了以下凝结实验,以了解原始太阳星云。 (1)橄榄石和富含Si的气体之间的脱晶石实验,(2)橄榄石的变形实验。(1)一种新的真空熔炉,在该真空熔炉中,硅酸盐通过天然气的加热和冷凝物挥发了硅酸盐,是专门设计的。通过使用此炉子,在系统MG_2SIO_4-H_2中进行了实验,该系统模仿太阳能组成。确定冷凝的条件,得出的结论是,凝结主要由温度控制,而玻璃石晶须可以通过VLS机制生长。还检查了在美国卡内基机构生产的系统中MGSIO_3-H_2的冷凝物。结论是,异质成核将在冷凝过程中起重要作用。(2)冷凝水与残留气体之间的反应是冷凝过程中的另一个重要过程。关于橄榄石和富含Si的气体反应的初步实验表明,对于大于1 um的橄榄石晶体几乎没有进行反应。(3)晶体尺寸不仅是反应动力学的最重要因素之一,而且是固体GAS分裂的最重要因素之一。使用脚石晶体的初步实验表明,即使在缓慢冷却的星云中,由于奥斯特瓦尔德成熟而导致的变形也不有效。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
A.Tsuchiyama, I.Kushiro, B.O.Mysen, and N.Morimoto: "An electron microscopic study of gas condensates in the system Mg-Si-O-H." Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, Spec. Issu. (1988)
A.Tsuchiyama、I.Kushiro、B.O.Mysen 和 N.Morimoto:“Mg-Si-O-H 系统中气体凝结物的电子显微镜研究”。
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A.Tsuchiyama and M.Kitamura: "Reaction Kinetics between olivine and Si-rich gas and its application to condensation in the primodial solar nebula."
A.Tsuchiyama 和 M.Kitamura:“橄榄石和富硅气体之间的反应动力学及其在原始太阳星云凝结中的应用。”
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A.Tsuchiyama;J.Fujita and N.Morimoto: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research,Spec.Issu.(1988)
A.Tsuchiyama;J.Fujita 和 N.Morimoto:国立极地研究所回忆录,Spec.Issu.(1988)
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A.Tsuchiyama, T.Fujita, and N.Morimoto: "Fe-Mg heterogeneity in the low-Ca pyroxenes during metamorphism of the ordinary chondrites." Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research Spec. Issu. (1988)
A.Tsuchiyama、T.Fujita 和 N.Morimoto:“普通球粒陨石变质过程中低钙辉石中的 Fe-Mg 异质性。”
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共 4 条
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前往

TSUCHIYAMA Akira的其他基金

A new picture of an asteroid by searching from Itokawa particles.
通过糸川粒子搜索获得的小行星新图片。
  • 批准号:
    24244086
    24244086
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
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    $ 1.41万
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    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Exploration of water (fluid inclusion) in the early solar system using local tomography
使用局部断层扫描探索早期太阳系中的水(流体包裹体)
  • 批准号:
    22654065
    22654065
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Importance of amorphous silicates as source material of the solid planets and its initial evolution
无定形硅酸盐作为固体行星源材料的重要性及其初始演化
  • 批准号:
    19104012
    19104012
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
A study of three-dimensional structures of interplanetary dust by imaging x-ray microtomography.
通过 X 射线显微断层成像技术研究行星际尘埃的三维结构。
  • 批准号:
    15340186
    15340186
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Orisin of chondrites interms of metal-sulfide
金属硫化物球粒陨石的起源
  • 批准号:
    11304035
    11304035
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Evaporation Experiments on Planetary Materials.
行星材料的蒸发实验。
  • 批准号:
    07454132
    07454132
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Science of textures for earth and planetary materials
地球和行星材料的纹理科学
  • 批准号:
    07304043
    07304043
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Evaporation Experiments on Planetary Materials.
行星材料的蒸发实验。
  • 批准号:
    05833009
    05833009
  • 财政年份:
    1993
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
A newly designed and constructed experimental apparatus for vaporization and condensation of minerals in the solar nebula.
新设计和建造的太阳星云矿物质蒸发和凝结实验装置。
  • 批准号:
    61840025
    61840025
  • 财政年份:
    1986
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.41万
    $ 1.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
    Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research

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