Enhancing the beneficial root microbiome in canola

增强双低油菜籽的有益根部微生物组

• 批准号: 500507-2016
• 负责人: Hijri, Mohamed
• 金额: $ 7.91万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=692939
• 关键词: Enhancing; beneficial; root; microbiome; canola

The Prairie provinces host 81% of Canada's cropland. Canola is second in importance for Canadian agriculture after wheat. When land is used for agricultural production, soil fertility declines rapidly, since nutrients are extracted from the soil by crops and lost through soil leaching. Fertilizers are used to mitigate this nutrient loss, and to maintain or increase annual crop yields. However, the efficiency of fertilizer assimilation by crops is less than 60%. Improving fertilizer's use is critical to feed the world, and to provide food security while protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable use of non-renewable resources. Crop nutrient acquisition is largely controlled by the root and soil microbiomes, so managing microbes in cropland can improve nutrient use efficiency and crop yield. This project aims to assess the consistency and variability in the composition of the canola core root microbiome. We need to validate a lists of the reliable microbial taxa, i.e. the list of those taxa that are always present and abundant in canola core root microbiome. At the same time, we will also determine the crop rotation systems best favoring the establishment of a beneficial root microbiome in canola and in other rotation crops. Using two field experiments, we plan to reach these goals by addressing a series of four specific objectives, which are: (i) to describe the canola root microbiome as influenced by different rotation systems and time, on a Brown and a Black soil, (ii) assess the efficiency of N cycling in the canola rhizosphere by quantifying the expression of genes involved in the processes of biological N2-fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, (iii) identify the root microbiome taxonomic profiles and taxa related to efficient nitrogen use by canola crops, (iv) evaluate the potential of the root microbiome to increase the tolerance of canola to abiotic stress and pathogen pressure. This proposal will generate knowledge of the identity of canola root microbiome core members that will translate into the first step toward the sustainable intensification of canola production while increasing its yield and reducing the environment footprint.

草原省份拥有加拿大 81% 的农田。双低油菜籽对加拿大农业的重要性仅次于小麦。当土地用于农业生产时，土壤肥力迅速下降，因为农作物从土壤中提取养分并通过土壤淋溶流失。肥料用于减轻养分损失，并维持或增加农作物的年产量。但农作物对肥料的同化效率不足60%。改善化肥的使用对于养活世界、提供粮食安全、同时保护环境和确保不可再生资源的可持续利用至关重要。作物养分的获取很大程度上由根部和土壤微生物组控制，因此管理农田微生物可以提高养分利用效率和作物产量。该项目旨在评估双低油菜核心根微生物组组成的一致性和变异性。我们需要验证可靠的微生物类群列表，即油菜核心根微生物组中始终存在且丰富的那些类群列表。与此同时，我们还将确定最有利于双低油菜籽和其他轮作作物建立有益根部微生物组的作物轮作系统。通过两次现场实验，我们计划通过解决一系列四个具体目标来实现这些目标，这些目标是：（i）描述棕壤和黑土上受不同轮作系统和时间影响的油菜根微生物组，（ ii) 通过量化生物固氮、硝化和反硝化过程中涉及的基因表达来评估双低油菜根际的氮循环效率，(iii) 确定与效率相关的根部微生物组分类谱和分类群双低油菜作物的氮利用，(iv) 评估根部微生物组提高双低油菜籽对非生物胁迫和病原体压力耐受性的潜力。该提案将产生有关双低油菜根微生物组核心成员身份的知识，这将转化为实现双低油菜籽生产可持续集约化的第一步，同时提高其产量并减少环境足迹。