The influence of defendant's characters on judgement by lay judges in the lay judge system

非专业法官制度中被告人性格对非专业法官判决的影响

• 批准号: 17530455
• 负责人: KAZAMA Fumiaki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Jumonji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530455/
• 关键词: judgement; characters of defendant; social status; sanction; deviant behavior; lay judge; 被害者の属性

By May 2009, Japan will introduce a lay judge system. Under this system, lay judges will make a judgement with professional judges. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of defendant's characters on judgement by lay judges. Especially, the author focused on the defendant's social status and examined its effect on judgement. In study 1, undergraduates (n=400) participated in the questionnaire-type experiment. They read either vignette about a deviant behavior and judged the term of imprisonment imposed on the actor. The results showed that the term of imprisonment imposed on a high-status actor was shorter than on a low-status one for an unintentional deviant behavior, but when the intention of deviance was clear, the advantage of the high status in the sanction was not observed. In study 2, undergraduates (n=462) judged the term of imprisonment for deviant actors with five different occupational statuses. The results of study 2 showed that the term of imprisonment imposed on a high-status actor was longer than on a low-status one. In study 3, ordinary adults (n=341) selected by random sampling, similar to the lay judge system, judged the term of imprisonment individually. The deviant's social status was manipulated by four different occupations. The results of study 3 showed that the actor's social status had no effect on the term of imprisonment, but the feeling of criticism was stronger against a high-status actor than against a low-status one. This suggests that judgement by ordinary people was not influenced by the defendant's occupational status, and even if they felt a defendant was blamable, their judgement was not influenced by their feeling. The inconsistent results of studies 1 to 3 reveal the necessity of further research.

到2009年5月，日本将引入外行法官系统。在这个系统下，外行法官将与专业法官作出判断。这项研究的目的是研究被告人的角色对外行法官的判断的影响。尤其是作者专注于被告的社会地位，并检查了其对判断的影响。在研究1中，大学生（n = 400）参加了问卷类型实验。他们阅读了有关偏差行为的小插图，并判断对演员的监禁术语。结果表明，对高地位演员施加的监禁术语的术语比在一个低地位的行为中要短，而对于无意的偏差行为，但如果明确偏离偏差的意图，就不会观察到高地位的优势。在研究2中，本科生（n = 462）判断具有五个不同职业地位的异常行为者的监禁。研究2的结果表明，对高地位参与者施加的监禁期限的时间比低地位的术语更长。在研究3中，通过随机抽样选择的普通成年人（n = 341），类似于外行法官系统，可以单独判断监禁期。四个不同的职业操纵了偏差的社会地位。研究结果3的结果表明，演员的社会地位对监禁期无影响，但是对高地位演员的批评感比对低地位的人更强烈。这表明，普通百姓的判断不受被告的职业地位的影响，即使他们觉得被告是可以指责的，他们的判断也不受其感觉的影响。研究1至3的不一致的结果揭示了进一步研究的必要性。

项目成果

社会的地位が逸脱行動に対する刑期判断に及ぼす影響-複数の職業間の比較-

社会地位对越轨行为量刑决定的影响——多种职业的比较——

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 日本心理学会第70回大会発表論文集
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明
• 通讯作者: 風間文明

The influence of actor's social status on sanctions against intentional and unintentional deviant behaviors.

行为者社会地位对有意和无意越轨行为制裁的影响。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: The Jumonji journal of human life sciences 3
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明;丸山良平;Fumiaki Kazama;Ryohei MARUYAMA;風間文明;間宮 正幸;風間文明;田中 康雄;Fumiaki Kazama
• 通讯作者: Fumiaki Kazama

行為者の社会的地位が意図的な逸脱行動に対する制裁に及ぼす影響

行为人社会地位对故意越轨行为制裁的影响

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 十文宇学園女子大学人間生活学部紀要 第3巻
• 作者: TAKAMOTO;Yukiko;高本 雪子;風間文明
• 通讯作者: 風間文明

The influence of actor's social status on judicial judgement against deviant behaviors : comparison between five occupations.

行为人社会地位对越轨行为司法判断的影响——五种职业的比较

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 70th annual meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明;丸山良平;Fumiaki Kazama
• 通讯作者: Fumiaki Kazama