A Semantic /Historical Study on the Semantic Network and Isolated. Usages of So Called "Function Words" in English

语义网络和孤立的语义/历史研究。

基本信息

批准号：
16520293
负责人：
KATO Kozo
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Shinshu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research has investigated the polysemy of English prepositions from a cognitive linguistic and historical perspective. The specific prepositions dealt with are by, as, for, and with. The followings are the summary for each study■ by We have found that in the OE period, the central meaning of this word was <Somewhere Around>, but this has changed to <Through> by the ME period. This conclusion can explain why isolated usages of by, such as by day and by night, survive only as fixed phrases.■ as This word evolved from OE (all) so rich so X(present translation as rich as X). The so in the subordinate clause evolved into PE so, and that in the main clause evolved into PE as. The conjunction as has seemingly the opposite meaning of REASON and CONCESSION, but we concluded that this phenomenon occurs because (i) it is not as that has these meanings, but (ii) human beings tend to interpret two clauses that are juxtaposed as REASON or CONCESSION (this phenomenon can also be seen in the case … More of and, the participial construction, and so on), so it is the human cognition that make these meanings.■ for This word meant <In front of> before the OE period, but it has experienced semantic change, and by OE, before (by + for) took its place. For already had non-spatial meanings in the OE period, and this is because if A is before B, it is also true that B is before A, hence there was ambiguity in direction. The meaning of <Duration> and <Goal> came from French pour. Also, this research on for has become the support for our theory on the isolated usages and fixed phrases developed in the research on by.■ with The significant characteristic of this word is that it does not designate any point in space, and it has many meanings that seem unrelated: it has the meaning of <Accompaniment>, <Agreement>; it also has the meaning of <Against>, which is opposite from the meaning of <Accompaniment>; it also has the meaning of <Situation>, <Instrument>, which does not seem to be related to other meanings. This peculiarity can only be explained by positing that these meanings do not derive from the meaning of with itself, but from the cognition that human beings tend to make.Lastly, we have also carried out research on the semantics of Japanese postpositions, de and ni, in order to advance our research into comparative linguistics. The result of this comparative linguistics will be developed and demonstrated in our presentations in the workshop of 22^<nd> National Conference of the English Linguistic Society of Japan. Less

这项研究从认知语言和历史观点研究了英语介词的多义。处理的特定介词是由AS，AS，for和With。以下是每项研究的摘要■我们发现，在OE期间，该词的核心含义是<某个地方>周围的某个地方，但这已更改为ME时期。这个结论可以解释为什么隔离的用法，例如白天和晚上，只能以固定的短语生存。从属子句中的so演变成pe，主子句中的so演变为pe。这种组合似乎与理性和让步的含义相反，但是我们得出的结论是，这种现象是出现的，因为（i）不是那样具有这些含义，而是（ii）人类倾向于解释两个条款，这些条款是理性或让步的条款（这种现象在这种情况下也可以看出，这种现象在这种情况下也可以看出，这是人类的更多，因此，这是如此之所以如此，因此，这是一个人的参与，因此，这是一个含义。在OE期之前的正面，但它已经经历了语义变化，并且在OE（通过 +）之前，OE取代了它。因为在OE期间已经具有非空间含义，这是因为如果A在B之前，则B在A之前也是正确的，因此方向存在歧义。 <duration> and <目标>的含义来自法国倾倒。同样，这项对FO的研究已成为我们对孤立用法和固定短语的支持。by研究中开发的固定短语。它还具有<>的含义，这与<伴奏>的含义相反；它还具有<clation>，<仪器>的含义，这似乎与其他含义无关。这种特殊性只能通过假设这些含义并非源于其本身的含义，而是根据人类倾向于做出的认知来衍生的。极端的是，我们还对日本后置言的语义（de and de and de and ni）进行了研究，以将我们的研究推向比较语言。这种比较语言学的结果将在我们在日本英国语言学会的22^<nd>全国会议的讲习班中开发和证明。较少的