Influences of the Buddhist Mongolian upon the formation of the Written Mongolian

佛教蒙古文对蒙古文字形成的影响

基本信息

批准号：
16520244
负责人：
HIGUCHI Koichi
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Head Investigator has an insight through the long-tem studies on the Mongolian Buddhist Literature in view of Linguistics and Philology to the effect that the Buddhist Mongolian, which is defined as the Language with which the Tibetan originals were translated into Mongolian, was a great motive to the formation of the Written Mongolian, which had been till the first decade of the last century and partly has been now used as an official language with which any documents in Mongolian are written. The Buddhist Mongolian had been into use slightly after the first introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism into the Mongols of the 13th century. This study was developed under the insight. Through minute research of the secular literature after the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1269 we find that the forms and expressions which had been firstly used in the Mongolian translations of the Tibetan originals were widespread in the secular literature. This cannot be found in any colloquial literature including the Secret History of the Mongols, which was written in Chinese characters in order to transcript the contemporary Mongolian, and so on. This fact leads us to presume that the Written Mongolian and the colloquial one were of the different character although the both can be labeled as Mongolian Language. Such difference was maintained even after the second introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism in the late 17th century.' The tendencies that language contacts are the great motive of the formation of the written can be witnessed in other parts of the world, of which the typical case was Gothic in the German world, and now we can find it in the Mongolian world. This finding will be reported in the International Congress of Humanities of Asia and North Africa to be held in Ankara this September.

课题组长通过对蒙古佛教文献的长期语言学和语言学研究，认识到佛教蒙古文，即藏文原著翻译成蒙古文的语言，是一种伟大的佛教文献。这是形成蒙古文的动机，蒙古文一直持续到上世纪第一个十年，现在部分已被用作用蒙古文书写任何文件的官方语言。佛教蒙古语在 13 世纪藏传佛教首次传入蒙古人之后才开始使用。这项研究是在洞察力的指导下开展的。通过对1269年元朝建立后的世俗文学的细致研究，我们发现，藏文原著蒙译中首先使用的形式和表达方式在世俗文学中普遍存在。这在包括为抄写当代蒙古文而用汉字写成的《蒙古秘史》等任何口语文学中都找不到。这一事实使我们推测，尽管书面蒙古语和口语蒙古语都可以被称为蒙古语，但它们具有不同的特征。即使在 17 世纪末藏传佛教第二次传入之后，这种差异仍然存在。语言接触成为文字形成的重要动力的趋势在世界其他地方也有体现，典型的例子是德国世界的哥特式，现在我们在蒙古世界也能找到它。这一发现将于今年九月在安卡拉举行的亚洲和北非国际人文大会上报告。