Qualitative Investigation of the Role of Craft Language in Learning Waza in Sport

工艺语言在体育运动中学习 Waza 中的作用的定性调查

基本信息

批准号：
14580010
负责人：
KITAMURA Katsuro
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Acquisition of the skills in sport has long been construed as difficult to teach only through scientifically, with learners being able to master it through figurative verbal instruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate how metaphorical verbal instructions were effective in skill acquisition during training in several sports. Five gymnastic coaches, ten junior gymnasts (mean age 11.8), two basketball coaches, five basketball players, two figure skating coaches, and five figure skaters served as the participants for this study. Twenty four training sessions where coaches instructed junior gymnasts in gymnastic skills by metaphorical languages were observed and recorded. In-depth, open ended interview was conducted with each coach and gymnast stimulated recall by VTR every training session. Interview transcripts were divided into 40 meaning units. These meaning units were regrouped into two categories which crucial for the metaphorical verbal instructions on gymnastic training. Two categories emerged from the analysis consisted of 1)structuring network of kinesthetic sensitivities, and 2)coding. Results showed that athletes linked their kinesthetic sensitivities they have already experienced, and coded the network. In other words, athletes could reconstruct some kinesthetic sensitivity they have already experienced by which he/she can make simple network of kinesthetic sensitivities when coaches instructed them by metaphorical verbal instruction. In addition, athletes understand imagery of skill sequence because code which crossed gymnast's mind by the metaphorical language changes the network of kinesthetic sensitivities into imagery of skill sequence. In short, metaphorical verbal instructions are effective when coaches instruct athletes by metaphorical languages which bring out kinesthetic sensitivities which are essential for the skill acquisition.

长期以来，人们认为体育技能的掌握很难仅通过科学的方式进行教授，学习者可以通过比喻性的口头教学来掌握它。本研究的目的是调查隐喻性口头指令如何在多项运动训练期间有效地提高技能。 5 名体操教练、10 名青少年体操运动员（平均年龄 11.8 岁）、2 名篮球教练、5 名篮球运动员、2 名花样滑冰教练和 5 名花样滑冰运动员作为本研究的参与者。观察并记录了教练员通过隐喻语言指导初级体操运动员体操技能的 24 次训练。我们对每位教练和体操运动员进行了深入的、开放式的采访，并通过 VTR 刺激回忆每堂训练课。访谈笔录分为 40 个意义单元。这些意义单元被重新分为两类，这对于体操训练的隐喻口头指令至关重要。分析中出现了两个类别，包括 1）动觉敏感性的结构化网络，以及 2）编码。结果表明，运动员将他们已经经历过的动觉敏感性联系起来，并对网络进行编码。换句话说，运动员可以重建他们已经经历过的一些动觉敏感性，当教练通过隐喻性口头指令指导他们时，他/她可以通过这些动觉敏感性网络来构建简单的动觉敏感性网络。此外，运动员理解技能序列的意象，因为通过隐喻语言在体操运动员脑海中闪过的代码将动觉敏感性网络改变为技能序列的意象。简而言之，当教练通过隐喻语言指导运动员时，隐喻口头指导是有效的，这种语言可以激发对技能习得至关重要的动觉敏感性。