"Information Organization Movement" in Germany in the early Twentieth Century and its influence on the Graphic Design

二十世纪初德国的“信息组织运动”及其对平面设计的影响

• 批准号: 17600015
• 负责人: IHARA Hisayasu
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERCITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17600015/
• 关键词: Graphic Design; Information Organization; Design History; Germany; Print Culture; Karl Buhrer; Walter Porstmann; Bauhaus; カール・ビュラー; 情報の歴史

The purpose of this study is to investigate into "Information Organization Movement" after the "Bridge" movement established by W. Ostwald, A. Saager and K. Buhrer in 1908 and trace its influence on the graphic design movement in the 1920s Germany. The main questions I asked in this investigation were: what was Bridge movement in fact from the standpoint of graphic design? ; How was the DIN paper format determined and introduced in Germany which can be traced back the Bridge movement? ; What was the prominent influence of this movement on the graphic design in the 1920s?1) As to Bridge movement, this study addressed on the activity of Buhrer, since little is known about him in spite of his important rule played for the establishment of the Bridge. As a result this study described the Bridge movement as a reform movement for contemporary print cultur and advertising in Germany. For example the Bridge already participated the well-known association "German Werkbund", proposed a standardarized paper formant for exhibition poster 1914 in Koln.2) For the adoption of DIN paper format, Walter Porstmann who was an assistant and secretary of Ostwald, played an important role. He was a researcher of a metric system and succeeded to a design of "world format" of Ostwald critically. As a result, in a standardization committee meeting held in 1918, his plan was received by representative of government offices, and it was established as a DIN format. I clarified the process in this study.3) Among the much influences on graphic design in the 1920s, I proved that a general idea of information organization was well received by a trend of "elemental typography" based on the "elementalism" derived from an art movement in particular by analyzing texts and works of Herbert Bayer and Jan Tschichold.

这项研究的目的是在W. Ostwald，A。Saager和K. Buhrer于1908年建立的“桥梁”运动之后研究“信息组织运动”，并追踪其对1920年代德国图形设计运动的影响。我在这项调查中提出的主要问题是：从图形设计的角度来看，桥梁运动实际上是什么？ ;如何在德国确定和引入的DIN纸格式可以追溯到桥梁运动？ ;这一运动对1920年代的图形设计的显着影响是什么？1）关于桥梁运动，这项研究涉及布勒的活动，因为尽管他为建立了他的重要统治而对他的重要统治知之甚少桥。结果，本研究将桥梁运动描述为德国当代印刷文化和广告的改革运动。例如，这座桥已经参加了著名的协会“德国Werkbund”，该协会在Koln.2中提出了1914年展览海报的标准化纸张实件，以采用Din Paper Format，沃尔特·波尔斯特曼（Walter Porstmann）是Ostwald的助理和秘书，一个重要的角色。他是公制系统的研究人员，并在批判性地完成了奥斯特瓦尔德（Ostwald）的“世界格式”的设计。结果，在1918年举行的标准化委员会会议上，他的计划是由政府办公室代表收到的，并被确立为DIN格式。我阐明了这项研究的过程。3）在1920年代对图形设计的极大影响中，我证明了信息组织的一般思想受到了基于从一个源自的“元素排版”趋势的趋势。艺术运动尤其是通过分析赫伯特·拜耳（Herbert Bayer）和扬·托奇克（Jan Tschichold）的文本和作品。

项目成果

紙フォーマット標準化の起源-「橋」設立以前のカール・ビュラーの活動について(口頭発表)

纸张格式标准化的起源 - Karl Bühler 在“Hashi”成立之前的活动（口头报告）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 芸術工学会誌 42
• 作者: 奥山貴弘;野川とも江;酒井道久;野中美穂;鍋島次雄;黒木彩;金子健二;西田清子;伊原久裕
• 通讯作者: 伊原久裕

紙フォーマット標準化の起源-「橋」設立以前のカール・ビュラーの活動について

纸张格式标准化的起源 - Karl Bühler 在“桥梁”建立之前的活动

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 計術工学会誌 42(口頭発表)
• 作者: 奥山貴弘;野川とも江;酒井道久;野中美穂;鍋島次雄;黒木彩;金子健二;西田清子;伊原久裕;熊谷武洋;(2)Peter B High;H.Ihara;(3)ピーター B ハーイ;熊谷武洋;伊原久裕
• 通讯作者: 伊原久裕

An Origin of the Standardization of Paper Format : On Karl Buhrer's Activity Before Establishing "Die Brucke"

纸张格式标准化的起源:卡尔·布勒在建立“Die Brucke”之前的活动

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Design Research No.42
• 作者: 奥山貴弘;野川とも江;酒井道久;野中美穂;鍋島次雄;黒木彩;金子健二;西田清子;伊原久裕;熊谷武洋;(2)Peter B High;H.Ihara
• 通讯作者: H.Ihara