Information processing for unattended stimulus.

无人值守刺激的信息处理。

基本信息

批准号：
15530467
负责人：
KIKUCHI Tadashi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to maintain a coherent behavior, we need to select some stimuli and ignore the others. However, sometimes the stimulus that should be ignored seems to influence the processing of the stimulus selected The aim of this study is to examine the nature of selective attention by focusing on the processing of unattended stimulus.In the first year, we used Stroop-like task to examine visual selective attention. In Stroop-like task, participants were asked to name the ink of the central color patch (target) while ignoring the color word (distracor) presented at the peripheral visual field. Reaction time for naming the ink of target would be faster when target is congruent with peripheral word than when target is incongruent with peripheral word. This effect is called Stroop-like effect and is supposed to be a good indicator of semantic processing of unattended stimulus. In this study, we manipulated processing demand to find the conditions under which Stroop-like effect disappeared. Ou … More r experiments showed that Stroop-like effect disappeared only when multiple stimuli similar to target were presented around the target. Other manipulations such as go/no go task did not extinguish the effect and sometimes produced a reversal Stroop-like effect. These results suggested that visual selective attention had a limitation in number of stimuli to process simultaneously. When the processing demand of task is low, distractor stimuli are processed to semantic level, resulting in interference. When the demand of task is high enough, distracor stimulus is not processed because of lack of available processing resources.In the second year, we examined the effect of a video image of a person speaking words on selective listening task. In selective listening task, target and distractor words are presented form two loudspeakers, and participants are asked to report the target words while ignoring the distractor words. In this study, we presented the video image of a person speaking a target words or distractor words as well as the target and distractor words form different loudspeakers. Selective listening of target words was improved when the video speaking target words was displayed, as compared with when the video of the person's mouth masked was displayed. When the video speaking distractor words was displayed, selective listening of the first target word was improved, but the performance of the other target words was deteriorated, as compared with when the video image with the masked mouth was displayed. These results showed that the visual image of a person speaking target words helped to distinguish target and distractor words and to follow the target list. The visual image of a person speaking distractor words helped to distinguish target and distractor words at first, but did not help to follow the target list. Probably visual attention to the movement of person's mouth congruent with distractor words induced to sound relocation due to ventriloquism.In addition to these studies, we attempted to examine the processing of unattended stimulus in other paradigms such as binocular rivalry, enumeration of affectively valenced words. Less

为了保持连贯的行为，我们需要选择一些刺激并忽略其他刺激。但是，有时应忽略的刺激似乎会影响选择的刺激的处理，这项研究的目的是通过关注无人值守的刺激的处理来检查选择性注意的性质。第一年，我们使用类似Stroop的任务来检查视觉选择性注意。在类似于Stroop的任务中，要求参与者命名中央颜色补丁的墨水（目标），同时忽略了在外围视野上呈现的颜色字（干扰器）。当目标与外围单词一致时，命名目标墨水的反应时间比目标与外围单词不一致时更快。这种效果称为类似于Stroop的效果，预计将是无人值守刺激语义处理的良好指标。在这项研究中，我们操纵了处理需求，以找到类似Stroop样效应消失的条件。 OU…更多的R实验表明，只有在目标周围出现多个stroop样效应时，类似stroop样效应才消失。其他操纵（例如GO/NO GO任务）不会消除效果，有时会产生类似Stroop的效果。这些结果表明，视觉选择性注意力在类似Stroop的效果的数量上有限制。当任务的处理需求较低时，干扰器刺激将被处理到语义水平，从而导致干扰。当任务的需求足够高时，由于缺乏可用的处理资源，因此不会处理干扰刺激。在选择性的聆听任务中，目标和干扰器单词表格两个扬声器，并要求参与者在忽略距离单词的同时报告目标单词。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一个人讲目标词或分散单词的视频图像以及目标和分散词语单词形成不同的扬声器。当显示视频说话目标单词时，与显示该人的口罩的视频相比，有选择性的聆听目标单词得到了改善。当显示视频说话分心词单词时，与显示带有蒙版嘴的视频图像相比，检测到其他目标单词的性能的选择性聆听。这些结果表明，讲者的目标单词的视觉图像有助于区分目标和讨论单词并遵循目标列表。一个人说话距离单词的视觉图像有助于首先区分目标和讨论者单词，但没有帮助遵循目标列表。可能会视觉上关注人口的运动，这是由于腹膜句话引起的讨论词与恢复性的讨论词一致。在这些研究中，我们试图检查其他范式中无人值守的刺激的处理，例如双眼风险，枚举，枚举更明显的价值更高的词。较少的