Research on the consumer protection system and the alteration of contract law in Japan and France.

日本、法国消费者保护制度及合同法修改研究

基本信息

批准号：
15530072
负责人：
NOZAWA Masamichi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Rikkyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530072/
关键词：
Consumer act Consumer Professional Warrant Obligation of information Clause of abuse Inexecution of contract Code of consumer 契約法債務不履行フランス助言義務消費者保護法制

项目摘要

According to the traditional civil law, it has been considered that contracts are agreements of numerous parties' animus. And for the reason why contracts bond the parties, it is explained that it is because they are based upon one's free will, emphasizing the principle of private autonomy. This kind of understanding towards the contract is still appropriate today. However, one of the parties has the duty to provide information. This is not due from agreement among the parties but it is a duty that comes from fair and equitable principle. It is inevitable that there is a difference between the capability to gather information of the employers and that of the employees. So this duty of the provision of information arises to insure the principle of private autonomy. In French private law, instead of the traditional distinction between merchants and non-merchants, distinctions between employers and employees have become a significant framework. For example, in the field of mortgage, the s … More ystem of law has differed whether an employer had awarded a contract of guarantee and between that of a non-employing individual. And in the field of contract law, there is a significant movement on warrants and defaults of obligations. I.e., in France, the EC directive which was exercised from March 25th, 1999, which concerns the obligations of warrants of the sellers, switched to the consumption law (L..211-below section 1) due to the Ordinance of February 17th, 2005. According to the provision, the buyers who are also consumers are able to use the liability for security towards the employers who are also the sellers, when the merchandise of the contract is inappropriate. In the civil law, such rights of rescission based on the default of obligation to hand over merchandise (section 1184), the right to appeal for compensation (section 1147), the right to appeal based on warrants (below section 1641) are provided. Therefore, the buyer who is also the consumer is eligible of these 3 rights listed above, making them heavily protected. Consequently, the protection of the consumers has the momentum to change the private law framework itself. Less

传统民法认为合同是当事人双方敌意的协议，而合同之所以具有约束当事人的作用，解释为是基于当事人的自愿，强调合同的原则。这种对合同的理解在今天仍然是适当的，但是，一方有义务提供信息，这不是来自双方之间的协议，而是来自公平和公正原则的义务。两者之间存在差异是不可避免的因此，在法国私法中，提供信息的义务是为了确保私人自治原则，而不是雇主之间的传统区别。例如，在抵押贷款领域，雇主是否授予担保合同与非雇佣个人之间的法律制度是不同的。合同法上有关于认股权证和违约义务的重大变动，即在法国，自 1999 年 3 月 25 日起执行的涉及卖方认股权证义务的 EC 指令改为消费法（L..211-下节）。 1）根据2005年2月17日的法令。根据该规定，同时也是消费者的买方可以对同时也是雇主的雇主承担担保责任卖方，当合同的商品不合适时，在民法中，这种基于未履行移交商品义务的权利（第1184条）、要求赔偿的权利（第1147条）、上诉权。因此，作为消费者的买方有资格获得上述三项权利，这使得它们受到严格的保护，对消费者的保护有动力改变私法。框架本身较少。