Study on the Effect of Acid Snow and Acid Rain on the Ecosystem and Soils

酸雪、酸雨对生态系统和土壤的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
15510024
负责人：
AOYAMA Kiyomichi
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15510024/
关键词：
acid snow (rain)pH adsorption on ice surface sulfate, phosphate, ammonium ions Langmuir adsorption isotherm pH of soils acidified soils dissolved elements 酸性雪酸性雨吸着硫酸イオン硝酸イオン不純物ザラメ雪

项目摘要

1)Acidic anions might be preferentially eluted first from the packed granular snow in the snowmelt season. The ions were transferred to a lower layer from the upper layer due to snowmelt or rain in early spring, and a portion of the melted water containing a large amount of ions is eluted first. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. The results of the melting experiment using a column showed higher concentrations of sulfate ions in the effluent drained first and lower concentrations in the later effluent. When using the solvent for melting experiment, the distribution of sulfate in an ice sphere was found with a biased curve.2)The adsorption phenomena of phosphate or ammonium ions on the surface of ice crystals were experimentally examined. The amounts adsorbed immediately after the establishment of a quasi-equilibrium state obeyed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, it was suggested that the adsorption phenomena of the impurities on the ice surface caused the biased distribution and should probably be a significant factor in freeze separations.3)The pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Most of the rain and snow in this area is considered ‘acidic, it must have an effect on the area s soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. As a result of the experimental study, it was found that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese ions dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.

1）融雪季节，酸性阴离子可能会优先从堆积的颗粒雪中洗脱出来，由于早春的融雪或雨水，离子从上层转移到下层，部分融水含有大量的阴离子。首先洗脱出一定量的离子为了增强硫酸根离子从冰中的洗脱，对由含硫酸盐的水形成的球体进行了检查，并进行了熔化实验。使用柱进行熔化实验的结果表明，先排出的废水中硫酸根离子浓度较高，而后排出的废水中硫酸根离子浓度较低。当使用该溶剂进行熔化实验时，发现冰球中硫酸根的分布具有偏差曲线。 2)实验研究了磷酸盐或铵离子在冰晶表面的吸附现象，准平衡态建立后立即吸附的量服从Langmuir。吸附等温线表明杂质在冰表面的吸附现象造成了分布的偏差，可能是冷冻分离的一个重要因素。3）测定了新泻县雨雪的pH值。该地区的大部分雨和雪被认为是酸性的，它一定对该地区的土壤产生了影响。在这项研究中，土壤的现状主要来自新泻。通过测量pH值和对土壤中溶解元素的化学分析对县进行了检查。实验研究的结果发现，土壤已轻微酸化，铝和锰离子仅在非酸化状态下轻微溶解。土壤，而它们很容易从酸化土壤中溶解。