Some properties of granular ice and evaluation of its effect on atmospheric and oceanic environments.

粒状冰的一些特性及其对大气和海洋环境影响的评价。

• 批准号: 13490002
• 负责人: KAWAMURA Toshiyuki
• 金额: $ 4.93万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13490002/
• 关键词: sea ice; columnar ice; granular ice; radiation; radiative property; permeant property; 海水

Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has predominantly columnar structure. However, from recent studies conducted in the seasonal ice zone, e.g. Antarctic Oceans and the Okhotsk Sea, it is found that ice with granular structure was dominant at the zone. The contribution to sea ice growth has become of major interest. It is expected that the difference of the ice structure would cause difference of physical properties, e.g. growth processes, radiation and permeability. We tried to clarify the difference of the physical properties between the above two difference of the ice types both experimental and field observations.Experimental study was conducted in the Cryospheric Environment Simulator, a highly equipped cold laboratory, at Shinjo Branch, Nagaoka Institute of Snow and Ice Studies, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention. We grew sea ice with the ice types in two stirred/unstirred water tanks. Snow ice, a kind of granular ice, was grown from snow accumulated by an artificial snow machine in the two tanks. Occasionally we observed the features of sea ice growth during the experiment. We also conducted radiation measurements, i.e. albedo and attenuation coefficient. After the experiments, we observed the ice structure and measured density, salinity and isotopic compositions.Field observation was carried out on a line from the mouth of a river to the opening in the eastern part of Lake Saroma. The aim of the observation is to investigate change of sea ice structure with the parent water salinity and contribution of both snow and structural ice types. We also measured permeability difference with ice structure.

北极海上的海冰主要具有柱状结构。但是，从最近在季节性冰区进行的研究，例如南极海洋和Okhotsk海，发现具有颗粒状结构的冰在该区域占主导地位。对海冰增长的贡献已成为主要兴趣。预计冰结构的差异会导致物理特性的差异，例如生长过程，辐射和渗透率。我们试图阐明上述两种冰类型之间的物理特性的差异。实验性研究是在Nagaoka雪地与冰研究研究所的Shinjo Branch的Cryosperic Environment Simulator（一家装备高度配备的冷水实验室）中进行的实验研究。我们在两种搅拌/未刺激的水箱中种植了海冰。雪冰是一种颗粒状的冰，是由两个坦克中的人造雪机积雪而来的。有时，我们在实验过程中观察到海冰生长的特征。我们还进行了辐射测量，即反照率和衰减系数。实验后，我们观察到冰结构和测量密度，盐度和同位素组成。从河口到Saroma湖东部的开口处，在一条线上进行了场观测。该观察的目的是通过母水盐度和雪和结构冰的贡献来研究海冰结构的变化。我们还测量了与冰结构的渗透性差异。

项目成果

新生海氷の成長に伴う海氷内部構造と放射特性の変化

新海冰生长导致海冰内部结构和辐射特性的变化

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 月刊海洋 号外No.30
• 作者: 石川信敬

Changes in radiation properties and heat balance with sea ice growth in Saroma Lagoon and the Gulf of Finland

萨罗马泻湖和芬兰湾海冰生长引起的辐射特性和热平衡的变化

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Proc. 16th IAHR Symp. on Ice 3
• 作者: Ishikawa;N.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Sea ice effects on the local climate of the surrounding land

海冰对周围陆地气候的影响

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Proc.17th IAHR Symp. on Ice 1
• 作者: Ishikawa;N.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Study on brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland.

芬兰湾微咸冰研究。

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Proc. 16th IAHR Symp. on Ice 2
• 作者: Kawamura;T.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Time-series obsertations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

波罗的海芬兰湾微咸冰结构和性质的时间序列观测

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Report Series in Geophysics, University of Helsinki 46
• 作者: Kawamura;T.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.