Studies for biological ice core analyses using microorganisms growing in the snow and ice of the glacier

利用生长在冰川冰雪中的微生物进行生物冰芯分析研究

基本信息

批准号：
13480154
负责人：
KOHSHIMA Shiro
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13480154/
关键词：
Glacier Ice core microorganism snow algae bacteria pareoclimate environmental change ecology 遺伝子解析雪氷

项目摘要

Technical improvement of microbiological analysis of snow and ice : In order to identify bacteria growing in the snow and ice, we collected snow samples from Kuranosuke snow patch in Japan Alps, extracted 16s rRNA DNA from the samples and sequenced these DNA. We could identify bacterial species in the snow samples by matching the sequences with those in the various Databases. Samples of the the melting season contained a psychrophilic bacterium and two psychrotrophic bacteria. Seasonal change of bacterial biomass estimated by Real time PCR strongly suggested that these 3 species are growing in the snow during melt-season. We also succeeded in extraction and seaquencing of 18s rRNA DNA of snow algae and identification of some species.Biological ice core analyses using microorganisms in the snow and ice: We collected shallow ice cores and samples of microorganisms in the snow and ice of the glaciers of various part of the world, such as Alaska, Altai mountains, Chilean Andes and Bhutan Himalaya. Although analyses of the ice cores are still ongoing, all ice cores collected contained microorganisms such as snow algae and bacteria. These microorganisms in the ice cores were analyzed for potential use in ice core analyses. In some ice cores, it was revealed that microorganisms in the ice core, especially snow algae are effective marker of annual layers. We estimated incredibly high net accumulation rate of a Patagonian glacier (10-20m w.e.) by analyzing seasonal change of snow algal biomass in the ice core.

雪和冰的微生物学分析的技术改进：为了鉴定在雪和冰中生长的细菌，我们从日本阿尔卑斯山的库拉诺介助雪斑块中收集了雪样，从样品中提取了16S rRNA DNA，并对这些DNA进行了测序。我们可以通过将序列与各个数据库中的序列匹配，从而鉴定出雪样品中的细菌物种。融化季节的样本中含有一种基质细菌和两种基质性细菌。实时PCR估计的细菌生物量的季节性变化强烈表明，这三个物种在融化季节中正在雪中生长。我们还成功地开发了雪藻的18s rRNA DNA和某些物种的鉴定。生物学核心分析使用雪和冰中的微生物进行分析：我们收集了浅层冰芯和微生物的样品，在雪和冰的冰川和冰川的冰川冰川的冰川和冰冻的冰川中。世界各地，例如阿拉斯加，阿尔泰山脉，智利安第斯山脉和不丹喜马拉雅山。尽管对冰核的分析仍在进行中，但所有收集的冰核都含有微生物，例如雪藻和细菌。分析了冰芯中的这些微生物在冰芯分析中的潜在用途。在某些冰芯中，有发现冰芯（尤其是雪藻）中的微生物是年度层的有效标记。我们通过分析冰芯中的雪藻生物量的季节性变化，估计巴塔哥尼亚冰川（10-20m W.E.）的净累积率令人难以置信。