Evolution of host plant utilization patterns in herbivorous insects viewed from molecular phylogenies of plants and herbivores

从植物和食草动物的分子系统发育来看食草昆虫宿主植物利用模式的演变

基本信息

批准号：
12440217
负责人：
KATO Makoto
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigate the history and process of diversification of both the plants and their herbivores by using molecular phylogenetic techniques. We collected various groups of herbivores and their host plants from Japan, Taiwan, Burma, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia and Chile for the analyses. The insect groups which we investigated are as follows: (1) leaf-miners of Diptera (Agromyzidae, Tephritidae, Pallopteridae), Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Agathiphagidae, Micropterigidae) and Coleoptera, (2) Seed-parasites of Gracillariidae, (3) pollinators (Apidae and other various insects).We found some interesting plant-herbivore interactions on primitive plant clades. Larvae of Mimectatina meridiana ohirai (Cerambycidae) were found mining megasporophylls and dead frond rachises of cycads. This is the first record of the cerambycid leaf-miner. I found dipteran leaf-miners on microphylls of Huperzia serratium (Lycopodiaceae) at Ashu, Kyoto. This is the first record of dipteran hervigores in Licopodiales.When studying seed-parasitic insects, we found a novel obligate pollination mutualism between Glochidion trees and its seed-parasitic gracillariid moths. In the mutualism, Glochidion trees are actively pollinated only by small, species-specific gracillariid moths which are parasitic in the developing seeds. Both the plants and seed-parasitic pollinators have experienced reciprocal diversification by maintaining their high host-specificity and mutualistic interaction. The system id the third example of obligate pollination mutualism which involves reciprocal diversification, and is comparable with the Fig-figwasp, Yucca-yucca moth mutualisms.We also investigated community-level plant-pollinator interactions at a natural grassland ecosystem at Mt. Yufu. Grassland ecosystem is one of the most endangered terrestrial habitats in Japan. We described detailed interactions between grassland plants and their pollinators for the first time.

我们通过使用分子系统发育技术研究了植物及其草食动物多样化的历史和过程。我们从日本，台湾，缅甸，马来西亚，澳大利亚，斐济，新喀里多尼亚和智利收集了各种草食动物及其寄主植物，进行分析。我们研究的昆虫组如下：（1）二翅目（Agromomyzidae，Tephritidae，Pallopteridae）的叶子，鳞翅目（Gracillariidae，agathiphagidae，Micropterigidae）和（Micropterigidae）和Coleoptera和Coleoptera和Coleoptera，（2）seed-Parasite and paracillae and parrasae（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）昆虫）。我们发现了原始植物进化枝上一些有趣的植物植物动物相互作用。 Mimectatina Meridiana ohirai（Cerambycidae）的幼虫被发现开采了巨型植物斑层和甲状腺肿的死去的叶片。这是cerambycid叶矿物的第一张记录。我在京都阿修（Ashu）的huperzia serratium（Lycopodiaceae）的微生物片上发现了双翅目叶子。这是甲基二虫中双翅目Hervigores的第一个记录。当研究种子 - 寄生虫昆虫时，我们发现了glochidion树与其种子 - 寄生虫gracillariid飞蛾之间的新型强制性授粉互助。在互助主义中，胶状树仅由小的，特异性的gracillariid飞蛾积极授粉，这些飞蛾在发育中的种子中是寄生虫。植物和种子 - 寄生虫传粉媒介都通过维持高宿主特异性和相互作用的相互作用而经历了相互的多样化。系统ID是涉及相互多样化的强制性授粉互助的第三个例子，并且与无花果式摩擦蛾互助互动相当。草原生态系统是日本最濒危的陆地栖息地之一。我们首次描述了草地植物及其传粉媒介之间的详细相互作用。