An experimental study on magmatic hydrothermal supply of organic materials to the biosphere

岩浆热液向生物圈供应有机物质的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
14340160
负责人：
SUNAMURA Michinari
金额：
$ 9.41万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14340160/
关键词：
Deep sea hydrothermal system Deep biosphere Microbes Low molecular weight organic materials Reactions under high pressure and temperature Seifreid type hydrothermal reactor variation of the reaction per hour Nucleic acids Seifreid型熱水反応装置 /

项目摘要

Production processes of organic materials (OM) were investigated under experimental hydrothermal conditions. The OM in hydrothermal fluids were presumed to originate from rock-water reaction and/or thermal decomposition of organisms. Especially, the thermal decomposition of microorganisms, which were the majority of a deep-biosphere, is expected to be one of the most important sources for the origin of the OM. We constructed an equipment based on a Seifreid type hydrothermal reaction equipment, which is able to control temperature and pressure up to 400℃ and 50 MPa independently. In addition, we developed an accumulator sampling devise to inject microbial cells into and to recover than from the reaction vessel under high pressure and temperature without significant losses of microbial cells. Microbial-sized particles were successfully recovered from the reaction vessel quantitatively by a recovery experiment of microbial-sized fluorescent beads with the devise. Using our equipment, dec … More omposition experiment of mesophilic bacteria (Escherichia coli) and hyperthermophilic archaea (Methanocaldococcus janaschii) was conducted under deep-sea hydrothermal condition (350℃, 50 MPa). The decomposition of these cells were processed as soon as the start of the reaction and the proportion of resisting cells decreased to 10% at 15 min., 0.1% at 1 hour, and <0.01% after 2 hours. There found to be no difference in the cell decomposition process between the two species of microorganisms with different optimal growth temperatures. Decomposition of cellular organic compounds was observed bi-layer phospholipids, ribosome, and genomic DNA in this order. It was reported that pure high molecular organic materials (HMWOM) of organisms, e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, were easily decomposed within 15 min. under such conditions. The stability of these HMWOM was known to increase by addition of rock-and clay-minerals. Our results showed that stability of the HMWOM in cells also increased compared to free HMWOM. This suggests that the HMWOM in cells is much more stable in the magmatic hydrothermal systems than conventional idea. Less

在实验水热条件下研究了有机材料（OM）的生产过程。水热流体中的OM源自生物体的岩水反应和/或热分解。特别是，微生物的热分解是深地层的大部分，预计将是OM起源的最重要来源之一。我们建造了一个基于Seifreid型热液反应设备的设备，该设备能够独立控制温度和压力，并独立控制400°和50 MPA。此外，我们开发了一种蓄能器采样设计，可以在高压和温度下从反应容器中注入微生物细胞并恢复，而没有显着的微生物细胞损失。通过使用我们的设备对微生物大小的荧光珠的恢复实验，通过我们的设备（DEC）进行了数量的恢复，从反应容器中成功回收了微生物大小的颗粒。更多的寄生细菌（大肠杆菌）和甲状腺素古细菌（甲基甲甲状腺科）的更多卵形实验是在深处的，有50.350（甲基甲虫）。一旦反应开始，就将这些细胞的分解处理，而抵抗细胞的比例在15分钟时降至10％，1小时时0.1％，2小时后<0.01％。发现两种微生物具有不同最佳生长温度的微生物之间的细胞分解过程没有差异。观察到细胞有机化合物的分解，以此顺序观察到双层磷脂，核糖体和基因组DNA。据报道，生物体的纯高分子有机材料（HMWOM），例如核酸，蛋白质和脂质在15分钟内很容易分解。在这种情况下。已知这些HMWOM的稳定性通过添加岩石和粘土仪而增加。我们的结果表明，与游离HMWOM相比，细胞中HMWOM的稳定性也有所增加。这表明细胞中的HMWOM在岩浆热液系统中比传统想法要稳定得多。较少的