The Hierarchy and the Multi and Super-ethnic Regional Formation concerning African Traditional Kingdoms

非洲传统王国的等级制度和多民族、超民族的区域形态

• 批准号: 14310146
• 负责人: SHIMADA Yoshihito
• 金额: $ 7.3万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14310146/
• 关键词: Ethnic Africa; Kingdom Africa; Social Hierarchy; Multi-ethnical Regional formation; Japanese ethnology; State Formation; Dry Land; Means of Movement and Transportation; アフリカ; 伝統王国; 階層性; 多部族・超部族性; 地域形成; 映像資料のCD化; ガウンデレ大学; ヤウンデ大学; カメルーン; アダ

First we have demonstrated that although the image of Ethnic Africa is still dominant about the traditional Africa, this latter has known rich histories of State formation and many traditional kingdoms or chiefdoms have survived till now and played important roles for the development of the welfare of the peoples' life under the system of the independent modem nation state,Secondly we have studied the state formation especially from the point of view of regional formation or integration of multi-ethnic groups into a wider local society. Thus we have analyzed the reason by which the image of traditional Africa is 'ethnic' or tribal one and the particular logic of African State formation. Africa is a continent with the biggest forest in the world at its center and drier savanna and desert in its prophetical zones. We consider that the State formation as regional formation was easily realized in the dry zones. Its reasons are 1) existence of domestic animals used as means of transport, mo … More vement, communication and even military activities 2) absence of material obstacles for communications and movement such as deep forests, rivers and swamp. In the forest regions the state formation was very difficult especially because of the absence of domestic animals and the existence of ecological obstacles for the movement and the transport. This is why the African State formation has been mainly realized in the prophetical zones like Sahel Region. It was as if Africa has not known her own state formation. We can generally confirm the lack of internal communication in Africa.However Africa was not the continent of mosaic of ethnic atoms. Ethnic groups have existed in inter actionable relationship with each others; they formed wider regional societies. It was therefore continual from the ethnic world to the state society which has more institutionally integrated multi-ethnic relationships in wider regional societies. Or this kind of Rethinking Ethnic Africa was a guide line for Japanese ethnologists' works which started from 1960. Mainly editing the papers written in French or English by Japanese ethnologists we have published 5 volumes of African Kingdoms Collection.We have also developed international cooperation with foreign scholars, especially African ones. Less

首先，我们已经证明，虽然传统非洲仍然以非洲族群的形象为主，但传统非洲有着丰富的国家形成历史，许多传统王国或酋长国至今幸存下来，并为非洲人民的福利发展发挥了重要作用。其次，我们特别从区域形成或多民族融入更广泛的地方社会的角度来研究国家的形成，从而分析其原因。传统非洲的形象是“种族”或部落的国家以及非洲国家形成的特殊逻辑 非洲是一个大陆，其中心有世界上最大的森林，其预言区有干燥的稀树草原和沙漠，我们认为国家形成作为区域形成是很容易的。其原因是：1）存在用作运输、运动、通讯甚至军事活动的家畜；2）没有深林、河流和沼泽等通讯和移动的物质障碍。在森林地区国家的形成非常困难，特别是因为缺乏家畜以及运动和运输的生态障碍，这就是为什么非洲国家的形成主要是在萨赫勒地区这样的预言地区实现的。非洲不知道自己的国家形成。我们可以普遍确认非洲内部缺乏交流。然而，非洲并不是一个由种族原子组成的大陆，各民族之间存在着互动关系，他们形成了更广泛的区域社会。因此，它是从种族中延续下来的。或者说，这种对非洲民族的反思是日本民族学家从1960年开始的著作的指导方针。主要编辑法文或英文撰写的论文。日本民族学家出版了5卷《非洲王国集》。我们还与外国学者，特别是非洲学者开展了国际合作。

项目成果

悲劇の紛争

悲惨的冲突

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 社会科学研究(東京大学社会科学研究所) 第55号第5・6合併号
• 作者: 戸田 真紀子

南カメルーン・チカール王国の王権構造

喀麦隆南部奇卡王国的皇家建筑

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: アフリカ伝統王国研究III「アフリカ伝統王国の不平等階層性と多部族的・超部族的地域形成をめぐる理論的研究」成果報告 (予定)
• 作者: Askew;David (with Paul Close);小川直之 ほか;澤田 昌人;下休場千秋
• 通讯作者: 下休場千秋

Gensyo no Toshi Tombouctou, Toshiteki naru monono Genzai (SEKINE.Y. ed.)

Gensyo no Toshi Tombouctou, Toshiteki naru monono Genzai (SEKINE.Y. ed.)

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Tokyo University Press
• 作者: Askew;David;早川紀代;AKASAKA Masaru
• 通讯作者: AKASAKA Masaru

Kansou Chiiki ni okeru Ningen Seikatsu no Kihon Kouzou

感性现实生活中的生活

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: ChikyuuKankyou 10.1
• 作者: 砂岡;尹明;SHIMADA Yoshihito
• 通讯作者: SHIMADA Yoshihito

和崎春日: "国民国家の中の民俗領域のイニシャチブ-中部アフリカ・バムン都市の表象創出"<都市的なるもの>の現在(関根康正、東京大学出版会). 318-348 (2004)

春日和崎：“民族国家内民俗领域的举措 - 创建中部非洲巴蒙市的代表”<城市事物>的现状（关根康正，东京大学出版社）318-348（2004）。