A cognitive psychological study of the mechanisms of recursion and analogy in emergent thinking.

涌现思维中递归和类比机制的认知心理学研究。

• 批准号: 11410030
• 负责人: KOYASU Masuo
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11410030/
• 关键词: emergence; recursion; analogy; symbolic connectionist model; Prisoner's Dilemma Game; life course; narrative; the second-order belief; 囚人のジレンマ; ゲーム状況; 心的状態の帰属; 類似性; 転移; 創発的思考; 知識表象

The concept "emergence" was at first coined by researchers of the complex systems approach. The concept means that with a limited set of units we think of tremendous number of new ideas. This is supported by at least two important mechanisms, namely, recursion which constructs a hierarchical linkage of knowledge and analogy which composes a horizontal linkage of knowledge. The aim of the present research is to investigate the roles of the two mechanisms by conducting several experiments. The first experiment was conducted using university students in a situation where the subjects were asked to judge between the alternatives (selling hamburgers at the list price or at a discount price) in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The recursive nature of the counterparts(instructed as a human or a machine) influenced the impression ratings of the counterpart; e.g., feeling wickedness to the tiffortat strategy. The second was to investigate primary school children's ability of understanding narratives. Global understanding of the text has closer correlation with understanding the second-order beliefs which needs recursive understanding of the mind than local understanding of the text. The third experiment was to investigate the processes of using analogy in understanding two famous people's life courses (Nightingale and Mother Teresa and six other pairs) by university students and showed that there are two cases in which analogy was preserved and in which analogy was changed dynamically.

复杂系统方法的研究人员最初创造了“出现”概念。这个概念意味着，对于有限的单位，我们会想到大量的新想法。这至少有两个重要机制支持，即递归构建了知识和类比的层次结合，从而构成了知识的水平链接。本研究的目的是通过进行多个实验来研究两种机制的作用。第一个实验是在囚犯的困境游戏中使用大学生进行的。对应物的递归性质（被指示为人类或机器）影响了对应物的印象评分。例如，对Tiffortat策略感到邪恶。 The second was to investigate primary school children's ability of understanding narratives.对文本的全球理解与理解需要递归对思维的二阶信念更紧密相关，而不是对本文的理解。第三个实验是研究使用类比的过程，以了解大学生的两个名人的生活课程（夜莺和特雷莎母亲和另外六对），并表明有两种案例保留了类比，并且类比进行了动态更改。

项目成果

Kusumi, T.: "Similarity and contiguity : Fundamental characteristics of human cognitive processes"Japanese Journal of Artificial Intelligence. 17(1). 2-7 (2002)

Kusumi, T.：“相似性和连续性：人类认知过程的基本特征”日本人工智能杂志。

杉村和枝,楠見孝: "多義動詞「ひく」の意味派生を支えるイメージスキーマの変容"表現研究. 71. 27-34 (2000)

Kazue Sugimura、Takashi Kusumi：“支持多义动词‘hiku’语义推导的图像模式的转换”Expression Research 71. 27-34 (2000)。

Sugimura,K.& Kusumi,T.: "A container image schema and polysemous meaning in Japanese verb."Japanese Society. 4. 65-80 (2000)

杉村，K.

楠見 孝: "類似性と近接性-人間の認知の特徴について"人工知能学会誌. 17・1. 2-7 (2002)

久住隆：“相似性和接近性——人类认知的特征”日本人工智能学会杂志17・1（2002）。

楠見 孝: "類似性と近接性-人間の認知の特長について"人工知能学会誌. 17(1). 2-7 (2002)

Takashi Kusumi：“相似性和接近性 - 人类认知的特征”日本人工智能学会杂志 17(1) 2-7 (2002)。