Control of methanogenesis and impovement of fiber digestion in the rumen

控制产甲烷和改善瘤胃中的纤维消化

• 批准号: 10460125
• 负责人: HINO Tsuneo
• 金额: $ 9.28万
• 依托单位: Meiji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10460125/
• 关键词: Rumen; Fumarate reduction; Nitrate reduction; Methanogenesis; Methane inhibitor; cyclodextrin-conjugated halogens; Host-vector system; プロピオン酸; 牛; フマル酸; 硝酸塩; サリノマイシン; メタン菌阻害剤; ルーメン微生物; ギ酸; シュウ酸; ブロモクロロメタン

Attempts were made to reduce methanogenesis in the rumen, and the following results were obtained.(1) Addition of fumarate reduced methanogenesis without depressing fiber digestion in vitro.Fumarate-reducing bacteria were selected, and factors affecting fumarate reductase activity were clarified.(2) Genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase were cloned, and factors regulating the transcription were examined. The results suggested that the fumarate-reducing pathway could be reduced by increasing. methanogenesis(3) Methanogenesis was decreased by nitrate and nitrite reduction. Nitrate reductase was shown to be induced by nitrate. Addition of electron donors such as lactate and formate stimulated nitrate and nitrite reduction. This suggests that control of fermentation to increase lactate andformate increases nitrate and nitrite reduction, which reduces methanogenesis.(4) Middle-chain fatty acids, eucalyptus oil, and cyclodextrin-conjugated halogens (CCH) reduced methanogenesis and stimulated propionate production in vitro. (5) Administration of fumarate or CCH to cattle reduced methanogenesis, enhanced propionate production, and enhanced the digestibility of dry matter and NDF.(6) Host-vector systems for Prevotella ruminicola and Streptococcus bovis were established, which can be used for gene manipulation of the bacteria.

（1）选择了富马酸盐减少甲烷生成而不抑制体外纤维消化的富马酸甲酯减少的甲烷造成的尝试，并选择了富马酸含量减少细菌，并选择了影响富马酸酸还原酶活性的因素。检查了调节转录。结果表明，可以通过增加可以降低减少富马酸盐的途径。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原降低了甲烷发生（3）甲烷发生。硝酸还原酶被证明是由硝酸盐诱导的。添加电子供体（例如乳酸和甲酸盐）刺激的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原。这表明，控制发酵以增加乳酸和形成量增加了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的减少，从而降低了甲烷发生。（4）中链脂肪酸，桉树油和环糊精偶联的卤素（CCH）减少了甲基甲基生产，并刺激了甲壳酸的生产。 （5）建立了富马酸或CCH降低牛的甲烷生成，增强丙酸酯的产生，并增强了干物质和NDF的消化率。（6）建立了prevotella uminicola和Bovis链球菌的宿主载体系统，可用于细菌的基因操纵。

项目成果

T.Miwa: "Effect of reduced H+-ATPase Aactivty on acid tolerance in Streptococcus bovis mutants"Anaerobe. 6. 197-203 (2000)

T.Miwa：“H -ATP酶活性降低对牛链球菌突变体耐酸的影响”厌氧菌。

M.Iwamoto,: "Effects of pH and electron donors on nitrate and nitrite reduction in ruminal microbes"Anim.Sci.J.. 72・2. 117-125 (2001)

M.Iwamoto，：“pH 和电子供体对瘤胃微生物硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原的影响”Anim.Sci.J. 72・2（2001）。

T.Miwa: "Regulation of H+-ATPase synthesis in response to reduced pH in ruminal bactria"Curr.Microbiol.. 42. 106-110 (2001)

T.Miwa：“响应瘤胃细菌 pH 值降低的 H -ATP 酶合成调节”Curr.Microbiol.. 42. 106-110 (2001)

小林剛,佐藤博,西口靖彦,板橋久雄: "ルーメンバイパスアミノ酸・脂肪の飼料添加が乳生産、ルーメン発酵および血漿成分に及ぼす影響."畜試研報. 59. 17-23 (1999)

Tsuyoshi Kobayashi、Hiroshi Sato、Yasuhiko Nishiguchi、Hisao Itabashi：“饲料中添加瘤胃旁路氨基酸和脂肪对产奶量、瘤胃发酵和血浆成分的影响”牲畜研究报告。

N.Asanuma and T.Hino: "Activity and properties of fumarate reductase in ruminal bacteria."J.Gen.Appl.Microbiol.. 46. 119-125 (2000)

N.Asanuma 和 T.Hino：“瘤胃细菌中富马酸还原酶的活性和特性。”J.Gen.Appl.Microbiol.. 46. 119-125 (2000)