Collaborative Social Science Research on Urban Earthquake Disaster

城市地震灾害社会科学研究合作

基本信息

批准号：
10044028
负责人：
HAYASHI Haruo
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044028/
关键词：
Earthquake disaster Disaster response Disaster information Damaged Area Estimation DMSP OLS Radiance Calibration Kobe Earthquake Disaster Turkey Kocaeli Earthquake Disaster ヘーワード断層災害復興すまい生活再建被害抑止

项目摘要

In this study, we developed a system that enables us to locate the possible impacted area due to significant earthquakes which occur anywhere in the world based on nighttime lights observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) within the first 24hours after the event. The estimation is based on the detection of significant reductions or loss of lights in two consecutive nighttime images that one is taken before and one right after the event, for it can be expected that city lights will observably decrease after a large earthquake due to various reasons such as electricity failure, building collapses, evacuation to shelters and the suspension of commercial activities. This system goes through the following processing steps : 1) acquiring the earthquake hypocenter data through the Internet, which is for example announced by the USGS, 2) determining the sampled area of images by the attenuation formula of earthquake ground motion, 3) selection and download of the corresponding nighttime DMSP/OLS data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC), 4) estimating the damaged areas by analyzing the statistically significant decrease in light intensity of the images, 5) creating the thematic map to present the estimation results as geographic information, and 6) disseminating the result map widely and quickly through the WWW.The validity of our estimation has been established for some recent earthquake disasters such as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake in Japan, the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey, and the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一个系统，使我们能够根据国防气象卫星计划 (DMSP) 操作线扫描系统 (OLS) 观测到的夜间灯光，在第一时间定位世界任何地方发生的重大地震可能受影响的区域。活动结束后24小时。该估计是基于在连续两张夜间图像（一张是在事件发生前拍摄的，一张是在事件发生后拍摄的）中检测到灯光显着减少或消失的情况下进行的，因为可以预期，由于各种原因，大地震后城市灯光将明显减弱例如停电、建筑物倒塌、疏散到避难所以及商业活动暂停。该系统经过以下处理步骤：1）通过互联网获取地震震源数据，例如USGS公布的地震震源数据；2）通过地震地震动的衰减公式确定图像的采样区域；3）选择和从国家海洋和大气管理局国家地球物理数据中心 (NOAA/NGDC) 下载相应的夜间 DMSP/OLS 数据，4) 通过分析统计上显着的光强度下降来估计受损区域图像，5）创建专题地图以将估计结果呈现为地理信息，以及 6）通过 WWW 广泛而快速地传播结果地图。我们的估计的有效性已经在最近发生的一些地震灾害（例如 1995 年兵库县地震）中得到证实。日本 ken Nanbu 地震、1999 年土耳其科贾埃利地震和 1999 年台湾 Chi-Chi 地震。