Development and Aging of Locomotion in Primates including Humans.

包括人类在内的灵长类动物运动的发育和衰老。

基本信息

批准号：
14204083
负责人：
HAMADA Yuzuru
金额：
$ 27.04万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As the final year of this project, members have collected final data and analyzed them to evaluate the development and aging of Motor performance in humans and in non-human primates. We held the international symposium, entitled as "Development, Aging, and Motor Performance" in November, 2005, with the three foreign researchers invited, where we discussed and exchanged ideas based on their papers, and also each of the mwmbers presented his results, obtained through this four year project. The papers presented by the invited speakers are as follows : Exercise and nutritional influences on the physical aging in non-human catarrhines (Newell-Morris, U.Washington), Kinematics and functional morphology in the bipedal great apes (D'Aout, U.Antwerp), and long-term study on the influence of caloric-restriction to the recognition and motor performances in aged macaques (Ingram, NIA of NIH). From our researches, we could delineate various aspects of development and aging. Firstly the locomotor d … More evelopments in chimpanzees were studied as follows : The pushing-up of body by the lower-limb becomes major propulsive power in vertical climbing with growth (Nakano) ; Cross-sectional stress-properties of the femur develop adaptively with the physical and performance development e.g., the femur is strengthened antero-posteriorly by the relative development of adductor muscles (Matsumura) ; The femur do not show significant proportional morphological change in diaphyseal and joint parts with growth, but the parts which are responsible for muscular or body weight stress, such as the greater trochanter and medial condyle, show strong development relative to other parts, (Ishida). Secondly on the vertebral column development and aging in Japanese macaques, it was found that the column keeps developing until relatively later and starts aging processes relatively earlier than that in humans (Hamada). Thirdly, the usefulness of computer simulation was shown in the analyses of various aspects of aging or disorder in bipedalism and maintenance of posture in humans (Hase). Fourthly, several studies were made on the walking in aged humans. Using multiple electromyography electrode method, the characteristic walking in aged humans were caused by such histological change as the degeneration of fast-twitch muscle fibres in major muscles (Okada). The long-term longitudinal study revealed that the walking parameters, such as step distance or walking velocity, significantly change with age, which may be caused by the decrease both in muscular force and the amount, of daily physical activities (Kimura). The un-controlled movement found in descending steps is found to be partially caused by the deterioration in nervous control on such major muscles as the quadriceps femoris that exert power by excentric constriction (Adachi). Finally fairly good results have been obtained to increase or maintain motor performance in aged humans by the combination of exercise and internet-based data collection and evaluating system (Nishizawa). By these contributions, inconclusion, the purposes of this project raised at the beginning of this project, that is firstly the search for the factors influencing the development and aging in motor apparatus and performance, especially those pertaining to bipedalism ; and secondly the development of analyzing and training system to increase or maintain motor performance in aged humans ; were considered to be successfully obtained. Less

作为该项目的最后一年，成员已经收集了最终数据并分析了他们，以评估人类和非人类隐私的运动性能的发展和衰老。我们于2005年11月举行了国际研讨会，称为“发展，老化和运动性能”，并邀请了三位外国研究人员，我们根据论文讨论和交换了想法，并且每个MWMBers都呈现了他的结果，并通过这项四年项目获得了他的结果。 The papers presented by the invited speakers are as follows: Exercise and nutritional influences on the physical aging in non-human catarrhines (Newell-Morris, U.Washington), Kinematics and functional morphology in the bipedal great apes (D'Aout, U.Antwerp), and long-term study on the influence of caloric-restriction to the recognition and motor performances in aged macaques (Ingram, NIA的NIA）。从我们的研究中，我们可以描述发展和衰老的各个方面。首先，移动D…在中国人中进行了更多的演变，如下所示：下limb的身体向上推动身体在随着生长的垂直攀爬中成为主要的推进力量（Nakano）；股骨发育的横截面应力构成具有身体和性能的发展，例如，股骨会因加法肌肉的相对发育（Matsumura）的相对发育而增强股骨。股骨在dia骨和与生长的关节部分的比例形态变化没有显着变化，而是负责肌肉或体重压力的部位，例如更大的动骨和内侧con，相对于其他部位（Ishida）显示出很强的发育。其次，在日本猕猴的椎骨开发和衰老上，发现该柱不断发展，直到相对较晚，并且比人类（Hamada）早期开始相对的衰老过程。第三，计算机模拟的有用性在对衰老或疾病的各个方面的分析中显示在人类（HASE）中的两性姿势和维持姿势中。第四，对年龄人类的步行进行了几项研究。使用多个肌电图电极法，在老年人中行走的特征行走是由组织学变化引起的，例如主要肌肉中快速肌纤维的变性（Okada）。一项长期纵向研究表明，步行参数（例如步进距离或步行速度）随着年龄的增长而显着变化，这可能是由于肌肉力量和日常体育活动的减少所致（Kimura）。发现在下降步骤中发现的非控制运动是由于神经控制的恶化而部分引起的，这些肌肉是股股四头肌，股股股骨能通过极端收缩（Adachi）发挥作用。最后，通过锻炼和基于互联网的数据收集和评估系统（Nishizawa）的结合，获得了相当不错的结果，以提高或保持老年人的运动性能。通过这些贡献，毫无疑问，该项目开始时提出的该项目的目的，首先是寻找影响运动设备和性能的发展的因素，尤其是与双皮亚主义有关的因素；其次，开发分析和训练系统以提高或维持老年人的运动性能；被认为是成功获得的。较少的