Farm-land Problems under the Reformation of Rural Labor Market

农村劳动力市场改革下的耕地问题

基本信息

批准号：
62450082
负责人：
KURAUCHI Munekazu
金额：
$ 2.88万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Rural Labor market has been reformed into the following situations under recent recession and succeeding business upturn. (1) Export-depedent industries diminished employee, on the contrary ultramodern industries have expanded employment. (2)The difference of regional employment has been so clear; capital accumulated area is nearly full employment but the outer area is overemployee.(3) Demand on young laborers is increasingly greater, but the job shortage of middle and advanced age laborers, especially men is more and more cruelly. We analyzed the relation between this labor market reformation and the existence forms of farmers.According by statistical investigation and on-the-spot survey, the outflow and inflow of farm laborers, both number and ratio, become extremely small. The farm function as regulating reservoir of business cycle has diminished considerably. Several important factors affecting this phenomenon are labor market circumstance (3) mentioned above, agricultural mechaniz … More ation and supportable degradation to family finances by small scale farming.Recently, farm land prices in great urban district rise as before according to regionally economic centralization, but in provincial fall down for low prices of agricultural products. But the transfer of farm-land ownership is decreasing year and year. On the other hand the lease of farm-land is increasing and has already been main land-right transfer. The lease increase by reasons of retire from farming of old farmers, employment circumstances of part-time farmers and renewal unprofitability on farming machine. And that is formed between a few leaseholder and many small-landowner. The rent level of these lease tend to go down as a result of the falling of farming returns. Most of leaseholders foresee themselves lender in future, because of absentee farming-heir. This means that the role of farmer's house [NOKA], which has succeeded to farming from generation to generation, has declined and that we should think not only NOKA but other management types in order to sustain agriculture beyond generations. Less

在最近的经济衰退和成功的企业上涨下，农村劳动力市场已改革以下情况。（1）出口领域的行业减少了员工，在对比度超现代行业方面已扩大了就业机会。（2）区域就业的差异是如此明显；资本加速区几乎是充分就业的，但外部地区是过度雇用的。（3）对年轻劳动者的需求越来越大，但是在中年和高级劳动者（尤其是男人）的工作短缺越来越残酷。我们分析了这份劳动力市场报告与农民的存在形式之间的关系。统计投资和现场调查，数字和比率的农场劳动者的产出和流入变得极小。努力控制商业周期研究者的农业功能已仔细地减少。影响这种现象的几个重要因素是上面提到的劳动力市场环境（3），农业机械……更多的因素，并支持小规模农业对家庭财政的退化。实际上，根据地区经济集中化，大城市的耕作土地价格上涨，但根据省份的低价，在省级的农产品中下跌。但是，农田所有权的转移正在减少年份。另一方面，农田的租赁正在增加，已经是主要的土地转移。租赁因老农民的农业，兼职农民的就业状况以及农业机器的续签不可其性而增加。这是在一些租赁持有人和许多小型股东之间形成的。由于农业收益的下降，这些租赁的租金水平往往会下降。由于缺席农业，大多数租赁者本身将来贷款人。这意味着，农民的房屋[Noka]的作用已经世代相传地逐代耕种，我们不仅应该考虑诺卡，而且还应该考虑其他管理类型，以维持几代人以上的农业。较少的