Genetic System of Chloroplasts - Their Autonomy and Nuclear Dependency -

叶绿体遗传系统 - 它们的自主性和核依赖性 -

• 批准号: 60480510
• 负责人: OZEKI Haruo
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60480510/
• 关键词: Liverwort Chloroplast DNA; Entire DNA Sequence(121,024 bp); Universal Codons and 31 tRNAs; Introns; Prokaryotic Basic Machinery; Gene Allocation; 葉緑体の起源

Chloroplasts are geneticall controlled not only by their own genome but also by numerous nuclear genes. Nuclear encoded proteins are synthesized in cytoplasm as prcursors and then delivered into the organella. While the chloroplast genes are expressed within the chloroplasts via their own machinery for protein biogenesis, although the machinery itself is also composed partly of the nuclear gene products. As no RNA may be delivered from cytoplasm, all the necessary RNAs ought to be generated within the chloroplasts.To clarify the genetic share of chloroplast genome in plant cells, we have determined the entire chloroplast DNA sequence (121,024 bp) from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, by using cultured green cells, and deduced the gene organization. We could detect 136 possible genes; i.e. 8 for two sets of rRNAs, 36 for 31 tRNA species, 91 for presumptive proteins or ORFs, and 1 for tRNA pseudogene. The universal codons are used throughout the genome and the 31 species of tRNA must … More translate them properly. Introns were detected in 20 genes, mostly of group <II> except one group <I> . About half of the chloroplast genes are concerned with the basic machinery for gene expression, including 9 rpl, 11 rps, 4 rpo, i infA and 44 RNA genes for rRNA and tRNA. These have been identified by comparing amino acid sequences with homologous genes in E. coli( resulting even in a similar order), showing a prokaryotic feature in the basic machinery. Ob-viously these genes are not enough to complete the transcription-translation machinery, and many remainder proteins must be supplied by the nuclear genes. Similarly, none of the protein complexes of photosynthetic and other apparatus are completed without nuclear encoded proteins. Since the allocation of each component in a complex to either chloroplast or nuclear genomes, which has been elucidated in liverwort, appears to be general among higher plants, the basis of present genetic system of chloroplasts in green plants has to be established before the blanching of Bryophytina and Tracheophytina, and from this unified single origin the present variety of chloroplast genomes in green plants may be evolved. Less

叶绿体不仅通过其自身的基因组，而且由许多核基因控制。核编码的蛋白质在细胞质中合成为清洗器，然后输送到有机疾病中。尽管叶绿体基因通过其自身的蛋白质生物发生机制在叶绿体中表达，尽管该机械本身也部分由核基因产物组成。由于不能从细胞质中传递RNA，因此应在叶绿体中产生所有必要的RNA。为了阐明植物细胞中叶绿体基因组的遗传份额，我们确定了整个叶绿体DNA序列（121,024 bp），从Liverwort，Liverwort，Marmantia Polymorpha中，通过使用培养的绿色细胞来培养绿色细胞，并使用培养绿色的细胞。我们可以检测136个可能的基因。即8对于两组RRNA，31个tRNA物种的36，用于假定蛋白或ORF的91个，tRNA伪二烷。通用密码子在整个基因组中都使用，而31种tRNA必须……更适当地翻译它们。在20个基因中检测到介绍，主要是组<ii>，但一组<i>除外。大约一半的叶绿体基因与基因表达的基本机制有关，其中包括9个RPL，11 RPS，4 RPO，I INFA和44个RRNA基因，用于RRNA和tRNA。通过将氨基酸序列与大肠杆菌中的同源基因进行比较（即使以相似的顺序产生）来鉴定，从而在基本机械中显示了脑力学特征。这些基因不足以完成转录 - 翻译机制，核基因必须提供许多剩余的蛋白质。同样，没有核编码蛋白的光合作用和其他设备的蛋白质复合物均无法完成。由于在利弗沃特（Liverwort）已经阐明的叶绿体中每个成分的分配是在较高植物中阐明的，因此在绿色植物中现有的叶绿体遗传体系的基础必须建立在绿植物中的叶绿体遗传体系的基础，然后才能在绿叶植物和植物的植物中繁殖，并从这个统一的绿色植物中，以及绿色的单一概述，在绿色的植物中，尤其是蜂巢犬的蜂巢犬。较少的

项目成果

Ohyama, K. et al.: "Complete nucleotide sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA." Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 4. 148-175 (1986)

Ohyama, K. 等人：“地钱地钱叶绿体 DNA 的完整核苷酸序列。”

小関治男ほか: Cold Spring Harbor Symp.Quant.Biol.52. (1987)

Haruo Koseki 等人：冷泉港 Symp.Quant.Biol.52 (1987)。

Ozeki, H. et al.: "Genetic system of chloroplasts-" Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.52. (1987)

Ozeki, H. 等人：“叶绿体遗传系统 -”冷泉港症状。

Ohyama, K. et al.: "Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete nucleotide sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA." Nature. 322. 572-574 (1986)

Ohyama, K. 等人：“从地钱地钱叶绿体 DNA 的完整核苷酸序列推导出叶绿体基因组织。”

Fukuzawa, H. et al.: "Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands." FEBS Letters. 198. 11-15 (1986)

Fukuzawa, H. 等人：“地钱地钱叶绿体核糖体蛋白 S12 的编码序列在不同的 DNA 链上相距很远。”