Evolutionary rescue in complex communities

复杂社区中的进化救援

• 批准号: 419917577
• 负责人: Dr. Ellen van Velzen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Ökologie/Ökosystemmodellierung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/419917577?language=en
• 关键词: Evolutionary; rescue; complex; communities

Environmental change may drive species extinct; but evolutionary rescue (ER) of a species may occur if it can adapt rapidly enough to the new conditions. While ER has been extensively studied in single-species contexts, very little is known on ER when species are embedded in a larger community such as a food web, interacting with prey, predators and competitors.Rapid evolution is often found in traits mediating predator-prey interactions: defensive traits in prey and offensive traits in predators. These traits are especially relevant in a community context and thus provide an important avenue for ER, but are largely ignored by current theory. Moreover, rapid evolution in such traits can feed back on ecological dynamics, so that evolutionary change in a single species may have indirect effects that ripple through an entire community. Such eco-evolutionary feedbacks are expected to be of great importance for ER in complex communities, but this is almost entirely unstudied.With this project I aim to develop new theory on ER comprising the mechanisms for and effects of ER in food webs ranging in size from small (4 species) to large (20-50 species). The main objectives are:1. To gain a detailed understanding of how species interactions shape ER in small food webs. The dynamics of all species can here be understood in detail, and we can achieve a mechanistic understanding of the processes driving ER. Particular focus will be on the possible role of indirect evolutionary rescue, where a species is rescued by evolution in a different species.2. To quantify how many species in a food web should evolve in order for ER to be most effective. Contrary to intuitive expectation, ER may be most effective when only one species evolves, but this has not been investigated beyond linear food chains.3. To scale up the insights derived from small food webs to larger, ecologically relevant food webs. Here the main focus is on the role of food web size and connectance for ER, as indirect effects are expected to be strongest in large, well-connected food webs.4. To identify potential “keystone adapters”: species whose evolution is important to the rescue of other species and maintenance of the food web. Which species properties (traits or position in the food web) make a species into a keystone adapter is one of the most important questions to be answered.To achieve these goals, the well-established adaptive dynamics framework for modelling rapid evolution will be combined with recent approaches for disentangling eco-evolutionary feedbacks, and with existing approaches for modelling the dynamics of large food webs. The anticipated results will give the first insights into ER in natural communities, and how it is shaped by species interactions and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. By showing how important interspecific interactions are to ER, this project will help revolutionize ER research which is still almost entirely focused on a single-species context.

环境变化可能导致物种灭绝；但如果一个物种能够足够快地适应新条件，则可能会发生进化拯救（ER）。嵌入到更大的群落中，如食物网，与猎物、捕食者和竞争对手相互作用。快速进化通常存在于介导捕食者与猎物相互作用的特征中：猎物的防御特征和捕食者的进攻特征这些特征在社区中尤其相关。背景，从而提供重要的此外，这些特征的快速进化可以反馈到生态动力学，因此单个物种的进化变化可能会产生间接影响，波及整个群落。预计对于复杂群落中的 ER 非常重要，但这几乎完全未经研究。通过这个项目，我的目标是开发关于 ER 的新理论，包括 ER 在食物网中的机制和影响，这些食物网的规模从小到大（4 个物种） ）到大（20-50 个物种）。 1. 详细了解物种相互作用如何影响小食物网中的 ER。特别关注驱动 ER 的过程，即通过不同物种的进化来拯救一个物种。 2. 量化食物网中应该进化多少个物种才能使 ER 发挥最大作用。与有效相反。直觉预期，当只有一个物种进化时，ER 可能是最有效的，但这尚未在线性食物链之外进行研究。3. 将从小食物网获得的见解扩展到更大的、生态相关的食物网。食物网规模和连通性对 ER 的作用，因为间接影响预计在大型、连通良好的食物网中最强。 4. 确定潜在的“关键适配器”：其进化对拯救其他物种至关重要的物种。以及食物的保养哪些物种特性（食物网中的特征或位置）使物种成为关键适应者是需要回答的最重要的问题之一。为了实现这些目标，将建立用于建模快速进化的完善的适应性动力学框架。结合最新的解开生态进化反馈的方法，以及现有的大型食物网动态建模方法，预期的结果将首次深入了解自然群落中的 ER，以及它是如何由物种相互作用和生态进化塑造的。通过展示。种间相互作用对于 ER 有多重要，该项目将有助于彻底改变 ER 研究，该研究仍然几乎完全集中在单一物种背景上。