Security and Civil Society in Germany and Tsarist Russia during the First World War. The Internment of Civilian ‘Enemy Aliens’ in the Bilateral Relationship, 1914-1917

第一次世界大战期间德国和沙皇俄罗斯的安全与公民社会。

• 批准号: 410435792
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Arnd Bauerkämper
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Russian-German center for education and research
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/410435792?language=en
• 关键词: Security; Civil; Society; Germany; Tsarist

The Russo-German collaborative project deals with the internment of subjects of the Tsarist Empire in Germany and of Germans in Russia from the beginning of the First World War until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in February 1917. Major analytical dimensions are the internment policies, the opposition to them as well as the mutual perceptions and reactions. The two governments and subordinate state authorities frequently justified internment by references to 'national security'. Yet these stringent measures endangered liberty as a crucial foundation of civil societies, which still existed as pockets in the First World War. In particular, liberals, social democrats as well as pacifist politicians and intellectuals attempted to restrict security policies in the two countries. Yet their defence of civil liberties was ambiguous, as they simultaneously supported the national war efforts of their countries. The complex and ambivalent relationship between security cultures and the norms of civil society will be analysed by investigating the propaganda and policies of internment that were directed against German and Russian civilian ‘enemy aliens’ in the two states, respectively. Beyond comparing the internment, the project will investigate mutual perceptions and transfers as well as rejections and blockages between German and Russian actors. The principle of reciprocity is to be receive particular attention by studying reprisals and alleviations. In terms of methodology, both historical comparison and recent approaches to analyzing relations and entanglements will be employed. This analytical design lends the Russo-German project its specific profile and added value. The cooperation between the two project partners relies on their long-standing collaboration since 2010. All in all, the proposed research aims to contribute to the historiography of the repression of civilian 'enemy aliens' in the name of ‘national security’, the dilemmas of civil society activism and the challenges of humanitarian engagement in the 'total' First World War. Whereas we ask the DFG to support the German part of the projekt, we will apply for financial means for the Russian part from the RFBR.

俄德合作项目涉及从第一次世界大战开始到 1917 年 2 月沙皇尼古拉二世退位期间沙皇帝国受试者在德国和德国人在俄罗斯的实习。主要分析维度是拘留政策、两国政府和下级国家当局经常以“国家安全”为由，对他们进行反对，并相互表达对他们的反对，但这些严格的措施却危及了作为公民社会重要基础的自由。特别是，自由派、社会民主党以及和平主义政治家和知识分子在第一次世界大战中仍然存在，试图限制两国的安全政策，但他们对公民自由的捍卫却是模棱两可的，因为他们同时支持民族战争。将通过调查两国针对德国和俄罗斯平民“敌方外国人”的宣传和政策来分析安全文化与公民社会规范之间复杂而矛盾的关系。除了比较实习之外，该项目还将调查德国和俄罗斯参与者之间的相互看法和转移以及拒绝和阻碍。在方法方面，互惠原则受到特别关注。将采用历史比较和最新方法来分析关系和纠葛，这种分析设计赋予了俄罗斯-德国项目特定的形象和附加值，两个项目合作伙伴之间的合作依赖于他们自以来的长期合作。 2010. 总而言之，拟议的研究旨在为以“国家安全”名义镇压“敌方外国人”平民的历史记录、民间社会活动主义的困境以及“总体”中人道主义参与的挑战做出贡献。第一次世界大战。特别是我们要求 DFG 支持该项目的德国部分，我们将从 RFBR 申请俄罗斯部分的资金。