Scipio Aemilianus and the Strategies of Aristocratic Rivalry between Mid- and Late Roman Republic

西庇阿·艾米利亚努斯与罗马共和国中晚期贵族对抗策略

• 批准号: 376449813
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jan-Markus Kötter
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Alte Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/376449813?language=en
• 关键词: Scipio; Aemilianus; Strategies; Aristocratic; Rivalry

There is no systematic study of the aristocratic competition in the later years of the Roman mid-Republic. This is all the more remarkable as the 140s and 130s BC are particularly instructive in explaining some phenomena, which led to the dynamic weakening of the Roman political system after the landmark year of 133. This begs the question whether and to which extent such phenomena are to be traced back already to the times of the allegedly more stable mid-Republic. Furthermore, this involves the still important question of the conceptualization of this mid-Republic within the wider republican era, particularly regarding its political culture and the relative proportion of consensus-orientated and confrontational action schemata of Roman aristocrats. The proposed project will examine this set of questions by analyzing the aristocratic competition within the later mid-Republic. It will systematically clarify which steps within the politic competition during the time of observation were imaginable, as well as which of these imaginable steps were in fact enforceable (and on what basis this could have happened). Thus, the project contributes to a deeper understanding of the transition of the mid- to the later Republic, especially with regard to possible ruptures and continuities. At the heart of the study, there is Scipio Aemilianus, a protagonist of the observed decades, whose political success was based in fact on shortcuts regarding common career patterns. Nevertheless, he should not be seen a priori as an exceptional case, since all the issues outlined above are to be examined on the basis of his very career. However, it needs to be assured to interlink the individual scope of Scipio with more structural levels of interpretation, to subordinate it to a distinct theoretical foundation, and to analyze it in consideration of the broad interactional variety of aristocratic interrelationships.By means of a monographic study, but as well expanded to academic presentations and articles, the project aims to supplement research on the Roman Republic with a detailed examination of a chronologically crucial point in history. At the same time, it aims to generate impetus for further discussions on the beginning disintegration of the political system in late republican times. For example, the project takes a glance at the early stages of popular politics, without stating an abrupt rupture of political acting modes in 133. Furthermore, the emphasis on the significance of mobilizing crises for the breakup of the strongly levelled chances of success within the normal modes of Roman politics can offer explanatory approaches not only for the growing tribunician violence, but also for the more frequent appearance of preeminent aristocratic individuals in late republican times.

对于罗马共和国中期后期的贵族竞争，目前还没有系统的研究。更值得注意的是，公元前 140 年代和 130 年代对于解释一些现象特别有启发性，这些现象导致了罗马政治制度在具有里程碑意义的 133 年之后的动态削弱。这就引出了一个问题：这些现象是否以及在何种程度上被可以追溯到据称更稳定的共和国中期时代。此外，这涉及到在更广泛的共和时代中对这个共和国中期进行概念化的仍然重要的问题，特别是关于其政治文化以及罗马贵族的共识导向和对抗性行动图式的相对比例。拟议的项目将通过分析共和国中期后期的贵族竞争来审视这组问题。它将系统地阐明观察期间政治竞争中的哪些步骤是可以想象的，以及这些可以想象的步骤中哪些实际上是可执行的（以及这可能发生的基础）。因此，该项目有助于更深入地了解共和国中期到后期的过渡，特别是可能的断裂和连续性。这项研究的核心是西庇阿·艾米利亚努斯（Scipio Aemilianus），他是观察到的几十年的主角，他的政治成功实际上是基于常见职业模式的捷径。尽管如此，他不应被视为特例，因为上述所有问题都应根据他的职业生涯来考察。然而，需要确保将西庇阿的个体范围与更多结构层面的解释联系起来，将其置于独特的理论基础之下，并在考虑到贵族相互关系的广泛互动多样性的情况下对其进行分析。该项目旨在通过对历史上按时间顺序排列的关键点进行详细考察来补充对罗马共和国的研究。同时，它旨在为进一步讨论民国末期政治制度开始瓦解的问题提供动力。例如，该项目纵观了大众政治的早期阶段，但没有指出 133 中政治行为模式的突然破裂。此外，强调了动员危机对于打破社会内部高度平等的成功机会的重要性。罗马政治的正常模式不仅可以为日益增长的保民官暴力提供解释，也可以为共和时代晚期杰出贵族人物的频繁出现提供解释。