Nano textured core-shell carbide-derived carbon particles for electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis (COSH-CDC)

用于电化学储能和电催化的纳米结构核壳碳化物衍生碳颗粒（COSH-CDC）

基本信息

批准号：
374564898
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Bastian Etzold
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/374564898?language=en
关键词：
Nano textured core shell carbide

项目摘要

In this project, we will synthesize core/shell hybrid materials for electrochemical applications, based on a novel two-step synthesis that we have recently developed. Using a metal carbide powder, our approach is to first achieve partial transformation of the outer part of the granular material to carbide-derived carbon (CDC) by chlorination. The second step employs either calcination of the residual core (yielding metal oxide for energy storage applications), or a second chlorination step (yielding a carbon core with a porosity very different from the shell for electrocatalysis). The key of partial transition of carbide-to-CDC is the use of homogenously distributed NiCl2, yielding a highly controllable in situ formation of chlorine gas in a precisely tuned stoichiometric ratio. The use of different metal carbides, namely, TiC, VC, NbC, and Mo2C, enables us to design different metal oxide cores (for energy storage) or different porosities of the core (for electrocatalysis).Recent joint work of the two PIs has established the feasibility of both core/shell designs, namely, metal oxide / CDC and CDC/CDC core shell particles. Yet, a systematic and comprehensive understanding of structure/property correlations and surveying of the electrochemical properties is still missing. Bringing the key expertise of synthesis, electrochemical energy storage, and electrocatalysis of the Etzold Group (TU Darmstadt) and Presser Group (INM Saarbrücken), we will be able to create synergistic added value and provide for the project-involved PhD students a vibrant collaborative research environment to broaden their knowledge beyond a selected electrochemical application.Electrochemical energy storage of our core/shell particles will capitalize on the high charge storage capacity of the metal oxide core, which can only be utilized because of the high electrical conductivity of the mesoporous carbon shell. By this way, no additional conductive additive is required to be added and possibly high power handling can be enabled. Having a metal oxide core and a carbon shell is also different from a large amount of current hybrid material works, where the metal oxide is grown on top of the carbon substrate. We will investigate aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes to study the hybrid materials' redox-activity and lithium ion intercalation ability.For electrocatalysis, platinum will be deposited on the hierarchically structured carbons with graphitic and mesoporous shell and microporous and amorphous cores. The influence of the special carbon architecture on cathode (oxidation reduction reaction) and anode site (hydrogen oxidation reaction; methanol oxidation reaction) fuel cell reactions will be studied. Thereby improved performance is expected as the core facilitates a high dispersion and thus activity of the catalyst, while the shell improves with its mesoporosity the mass transfer and reduces with its graphitic character the Ohmic resistance.

在这个项目中，我们将基于我们最近开发的新型两步合成方法，使用金属碳化物粉末合成用于电化学应用的核/壳混合材料，我们的方法是首先实现外部部分的部分转变。通过氯化将颗粒材料转化为碳化物衍生碳（CDC）第二步采用残余核心的煅烧（产生用于储能应用的金属氧化物），或第二次氯化步骤（产生孔隙率非常不同的碳核心）。碳化物到CDC的部分转变的关键是使用均匀分布的NiCl2，以精确调整的化学计量比产生高度可控的氯气，即 TiC、VC、NbC 和 Mo2C，使我们能够设计不同的金属氧化物核（用于储能）或不同孔隙率的核（用于电催化）。最近的联合工作这两个 PI 的研究已经确定了核/壳设计（即金属氧化物/CDC 和 CDC/CDC 核壳颗粒）的可行性，然而，仍然缺乏对结构/性能相关性和电化学性能调查的系统和全面的了解。凭借 Etzold 集团（达姆施塔特工业大学）和 Presser 集团（萨尔布吕肯 INM）在合成、电化学储能和电催化方面的关键专业知识，我们将能够创造协同附加值和为参与项目的博士生提供一个充满活力的合作研究环境，以拓宽他们在选定的电化学应用之外的知识。我们的核/壳颗粒的电化学储能将利用金属氧化物核的高电荷存储容量，这只能是由于介孔碳壳的高导电性，因此不需要添加额外的导电添加剂，并且具有金属氧化物核和碳壳也可以实现高功率处理。当前混合材料的数量我们将研究水性和非水性电解质，以研究混合材料的氧化还原活性和锂离子嵌入能力。对于电催化，铂将沉积在分层结构上。具有石墨和介孔壳以及微孔和无定形核的碳特殊碳结构对阴极（氧化还原反应）和阳极位点（氢）的影响。因此，我们将研究燃料电池反应的性能，因为核心有利于催化剂的高分散性，从而提高催化剂的活性，而壳则以其介孔性改善了传质，并以其石墨特性降低了热损失。欧姆电阻。