The Example in the Knowledge of Aesthetics (1750-1850). Exploring and Archiving a Discoursive Practice

美学知识中的例子（1750-1850）。

• 批准号: 327259109
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Niehaus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Neuere deutsche Literatur- und Medienwissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/327259109?language=en
• 关键词: Example; Knowledge; Aesthetics; 1750; 1850

Giving examples is a fundamental and essential element of scientific discourses and practices which cannot be reduced to the logical relation between the general and the particular or to a mere illustrative function. With regard to the universal principles, concepts and terms which are to be developed examples are by no means interchangeable and random.The project explores the use of examples in the discourse of aesthetics between 1750 and 1850. During this period the philosophical discipline of aesthetics develops and, following Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, systematic essays as well as several scholarly books are written and published. Since the discourse of aesthetics deals with single, conceptually not dissolvable judgements of taste it is an adequate subject of this research project. Focusing on the nature of beauty and its sensual conception, the discourse of aesthetics inherently relies on the use of examples. Whether it is a rose or the statue of a Greek goddess.: In both cases the gain of knowledge through the use of examples has to be reflected on thoroughly since there is a difference between commonly applied examples and newly invented ones. Thus, detailed reflections on examples can be found in crucial parts of the various aesthetics.Therefore, the project aims at investigating the mediation of examples between a claim of general meaning and an objects particular aesthetical moment. Examples are not only used to persuade, but also to memorize knowledge; they are used as agents of insight into complex relations or as striking counter-examples; generally, they are the basis of generating new knowledge. To meet the requirements of this discursive complexity, different dimensions will be analyzed, such as the rhetorical, mnemonic, conceptual, epistemological, and institutional as well as the normative dimension of the use of examples. A broader study of both examples in general and of their use in aesthetics in particular is a desideratum. The project contributes to this research based on extensive material provided by the database Archiv des Beispiels. In this database all relevant examples coming from a broad corpus are systematically collected and organized. Simultaneously, an interdisciplinarily oriented group of researchers will investigate the historical developments as well as the linguistic und discoursive forms of the use of examples in the epistemic field of aesthetics. This approach shall finally give insight into the basic significance of examples and how they work.

举例是科学论述和实践的基本要素，不能被简化为一般与特殊之间的逻辑关系或仅仅是说明性的功能。关于要发展的普遍原则、概念和术语，例子绝不是可以互换和随机的。该项目探索了 1750 年至 1850 年间美学话语中例子的使用。在此期间，美学的哲学学科发展起来。继亚历山大·戈特利布·鲍姆加滕 (Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten) 之后，撰写并出版了系统的论文和几本学术书籍。由于美学话语涉及单一的、概念上不可分解的品味判断，因此它是本研究项目的一个适当的主题。关注美的本质及其感性观念，美学话语本质上依赖于实例的使用。无论是玫瑰还是希腊女神的雕像：在这两种情况下，通过使用例子获得知识都必须进行彻底的反思，因为常用的例子和新发明的例子之间存在差异。因此，对实例的详细反思可以在各种美学的关键部分中找到。因此，该项目旨在研究实例在一般意义的主张与物体特定的审美时刻之间的调解。举例不仅用于说服，还用于记忆知识；它们被用作洞察复杂关系的代理人或引人注目的反例；一般来说，它们是产生新知识的基础。为了满足这种话语复杂性的要求，将分析不同的维度，例如修辞、助记、概念、认识论、制度以及示例使用的规范维度。人们迫切需要对这两个例子进行更广泛的研究，特别是它们在美学中的应用。该项目基于数据库 Archiv des Beispiels 提供的大量材料为这项研究做出了贡献。在这个数据库中，来自广泛语料库的所有相关示例都被系统地收集和组织。同时，一个跨学科的研究小组将研究美学认知领域中实例使用的历史发展以及语言和话语形式。这种方法最终将深入了解示例的基本意义及其工作原理。