Understanding chemical exposure in sediment contact tests for improved effect extrapolation from laboratory to field

了解沉积物接触测试中的化学暴露，以改善从实验室到现场的效果外推

基本信息

批准号：
20F20753
负责人：
遠藤智司
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
National Institute for Environmental Studies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2020-07-29 至 2022-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20F20753/
关键词：
Chemical fate Bioavailability Bioaccumulation Diffusion Passive dosing Toxicity

项目摘要

The goal of this research project was to bridge the gap between the laboratory and the field with respect to chemical exposure and toxicity to benthic organisms. In this work, we developed both experimental and computational approaches to better understand the actual chemical exposure of test organisms in laboratory toxicity testing. A mechanistically based mass transport model was established that accounted for diffusion, sorption, dilution, and colloid-facilitated transport of chemicals in the spiked-sediment exposure system. The model successfully reproduced experimental concentration data and was used to quantitatively estimate the influences of chemical, sediment, and system properties on the mass distributions of chemicals. Comparison of the model and experimental results indicated a crucial role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the transport of hydrophobic chemicals. In addition, the passive dosing method using polymer meshes was developed and optimized to set up a consistent exposure condition. Toxicity tests with a set of chemicals with varying properties proved the robustness, repeatability, and applicability of the method. The influences of DOM in water on the toxicity of hydrophobic chemicals to a benthic invertebrate species were confirmed using the developed method. The result suggests that DOM plays an important role and should be considered when assessing toxicity to benthic organisms.

该研究项目的目的是弥合实验室与田间之间的差距，以在化学暴露和对底栖生物的毒性方面。在这项工作中，我们开发了实验和计算方法，以更好地了解实验室毒性测试中测试生物的实际化学暴露。建立了一种基于机械的质量传输模型，该模型是为了扩散，吸附，稀释和胶体 - 胶体在峰值接触系统中的传输。该模型成功地再现了实验浓度数据，并用于定量估计化学，沉积物和系统特性对化学物质质量分布的影响。模型和实验结果的比较表明溶解有机物（DOM）在疏水化学物质的运输中至关重要。另外，开发并优化了使用聚合物网格的被动剂量方法，以建立一致的暴露条件。具有不同特性的化学物质的毒性测试证明了该方法的稳健性，可重复性和适用性。使用已开发的方法证实了水中DOM对疏水性化学物质对底栖无脊椎动物物种的毒性的影响。结果表明，在评估对底栖生物的毒性时，DOM起着重要作用，应考虑。