Know-how in flax production - Specialised farmers of the Late Neolithic period (4300-2200 B.C.) in the circum-alpine region. An interdisciplinary study on the spread and use of the cultivated plant flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

亚麻生产的专业知识 - 新石器时代晚期（公元前 4300-2200 年）环阿尔卑斯地区的专业农民。

• 批准号: 289510075
• 负责人: Dr. Sabine Karg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/289510075?language=en
• 关键词: Know; how; flax; production; Specialised

This application has the goal to complete the publications of numerous results. Additional aspects on the cultural history of the useful plant flax will be investigated on a newly discovered archaeological finding by applying interdisciplinary methods. Thereby the project will be completed in a satisfying way.Two sets of spindle whorls from excavations at Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia were compared with a huge dataset from South-eastern Europe. The newly adopted know-how of plant fibre production goes along with the introduction of fibre flax and can be explained by the immigration of new people from South-eastern Europe. The hypothesis that a new breed of fibre flax was introduced to the Alpine region during the 4th millennium BC associated with technical innovation could be proven by measurements of flax seeds from 50 archaeological sites and 192 features. New is the fact that at two sites fibre flax already appeared from the start of the 4th millennium BC.From ten wetland sites measurements from charred and uncharred flax seeds were taken from the same layer. A charring ratio (quotient) was calculated that will enable to relate charred flax seeds from entire Europe and the Near East to either the fibre or the oil variety. This result will be published together with a description and documentation of the morphological features of both varieties. Controlled experiments of cultivating old land races of flax are performed since the beginning of the project. The harvest delivers sufficient material for comparison that can now be used for the reconstruction of the Neolithic subsistence strategy. The measured thousand-seed weight will help to calculate the plant density and thereby the crop yield of the Neolithic cultivated area. This dataset should be published during the final phase of this project.During the first project phase a Neolithic stock of flax plants was missing. But in 2018 such a stock was discovered in a wetland site at Lake Zürich and sampled as a whole block by the Cultural heritage Agency of the Canton Zürich. The archaeobotanical analyses were offered to me. The block will be analysed by applying conventional and new analytical methods: botanical macro remains, phytoliths, and ancient DNA. The goal is to reconstruct the original height and the branching factor and weed contamination in order to reconstruct the growing conditions of the Neolithic flax. The project will definitely benefit from these new results.

该应用程序的目标是通过应用跨学科方法，对新发现的考古发现完成有关有用植物亚麻文化历史的其他方面的研究，从而以令人满意的方式完成该项目。将康斯坦茨湖和上施瓦本地区发掘的纺锤体组与来自东南欧的大量数据集进行了比较。新采用的植物纤维生产技术是随着纤维亚麻的引入而出现的，并且可以通过移民来解释。的来自东南欧的新人们通过对 50 个考古遗址和 192 个特征的亚麻籽进行测量，可以证明一种与技术创新相关的新型纤维亚麻品种在公元前 4 世纪被引入阿尔卑斯山地区的假设。事实上，从公元前 4 世纪开始，在两个地点就已经出现了纤维亚麻。对十个湿地地点的烧焦和未烧焦的亚麻籽进行了测量，这些数据取自同一层 A。计算出的炭化率（商）将能够将来自整个欧洲和近东的炭化亚麻籽与纤维或油品种联系起来。该结果将与两个品种的形态特征的描述和文件一起发布。自项目开始以来，就进行了种植古老的亚麻品种的对照实验，收获提供了足够的材料进行比较，现在可用于重建新石器时代的生存策略。测量的千粒种子重量将有助于计算。该数据集应在该项目的最后阶段发布。在项目的第一个阶段，新石器时代的亚麻植物种群缺失，但在 2018 年发现了这样的种群。苏黎世州文化遗产机构对苏黎世湖的一个湿地进行了整体采样。考古植物学分析将通过应用传统和新的分析方法来进行。方法：植物宏观遗骸、植物硅​​体和古代DNA。目标是重建原始高度、分枝因子和杂草污染，以重建新石器时代亚麻的生长条件，该项目肯定会从这些新成果中受益。