Rooms for Maneuver in State Socialism: Between Adaptation and Experiment

国家社会主义的回旋余地：适应与实验之间

• 批准号: 277133236
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Claudia Kraft
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Zeitgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277133236?language=en
• 关键词: Rooms; Maneuver; State; Socialism; Between

The primary aim is to break with the prevailing tradition of looking at real socialism solely as an area of repression and resistance. Instead of reproducing this binarism, the project focuses on the agency and often-ambivalent experiences of historical subjects, understood in terms of re-appropriating alienated social relations (and expressed in the concept of Eigensinn). Based on a comparative study of rooms for maneuver in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and GDR, we will define the boundaries of the project of socialist modernization and dictatorship and its limitations due to economic, geographical, and historical factors. Another goal of the project is to reconstruct how societies adapt. One area of inquiry is preservation. What earlier practices were preserved prior to 1989 in the Polish highlands, the cities of Gdynia or Zlin, or the Czech-Polish-German borderlands thanks to alleged free spaces? What effects did this have in the period after 1989? Another line looks at authorities as initiators of solutions that paradoxically ran contrary to official ideology (e.g. market-oriented state farms). A third part of the project investigates social adaptation in marginal institutions. The issues here are autonomy and indifference: Esperantists, ham radio operators, and gardeners needed only for the state not to interfere; the state, for its part, was indifferent to and tolerated such hobbyists because their social activity took place beyond the sphere of ideology. Through close cooperation, the projects international research team will provide new insights into the social, economic, and cultural history of state socialism, focusing on rooms for maneuver, without idealistically postulating domination-free zones. Further, the project will contribute to ongoing methodological reflections about the historicization of the socialist period in European history. By discussing the concept of Eigensinn and applying it to different historical contexts, narrow national perspectives will be brought into conversation and new research tools developed. Inasmuch as Rooms for Maneuver focuses on long-term developments, cooperation with the partner project post bellum promises to advance comprehensive knowledge of the twentieth-century history of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

主要目的是打破将真正的社会主义仅仅视为镇压和抵抗领域的普遍传统。该项目并没有再现这种二元论，而是关注历史主体的代理和常常矛盾的经历，从重新挪用异化的社会关系的角度来理解（并以本征的概念来表达）。通过对波兰、捷克斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚和东德回旋余地的比较研究，我们将界定社会主义现代化和专政工程的边界及其因经济、地理和历史因素而产生的局限性。该项目的另一个目标是重建社会如何适应。探究的领域之一是保存。 1989 年之前，由于所谓的自由空间，波兰高地、格丁尼亚或兹林城市或捷克-波兰-德国边境地区保留了哪些早期做法？这对 1989 年以后的时期产生了什么影响？另一条路线将当局视为与官方意识形态相矛盾的解决方案的发起者（例如以市场为导向的国有农场）。该项目的第三部分调查边缘机构的社会适应。这里的问题是自治和冷漠：世界语学家、业余无线电操作员和园丁只需要国家不干涉；国家则对这些业余爱好者漠不关心并容忍，因为他们的社会活动超出了意识形态的范围。通过密切合作，该项目的国际研究团队将为国家社会主义的社会、经济和文化历史提供新的见解，重点关注回旋余地，而不是理想化地假设无统治区。此外，该项目还将有助于对欧洲历史上社会主义时期的历史化进行持续的方法论反思。通过讨论特征辛的概念并将其应用于不同的历史背景，狭隘的国家视角将被纳入对话中，并开发新的研究工具。由于“机动空间”注重长期发展，与战后合作伙伴项目的合作有望增进对中欧和东欧 (CEE) 二十世纪历史的全面了解。