Maltese plurals: phonotactics, variation and the structure of the mentallexicon.

马耳他语复数：音位学、变异和心理词典的结构。

• 批准号: 274147102
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ruben van de Vijver
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274147102?language=en
• 关键词: Maltese; plurals; phonotactics; variation; structure

The first phase has shown that Maltese speakers rely on their lexicon to generalize the complexities of the singular-plural mappings to novel words. Their generalizations depend on the phonotactics of singular words they know and the accompanying plural forms. Such complex mappings can only be achieved with a large lexicon: The smaller the cohort of similar words for a singular-plural mapping for a new word, the smaller the degree of confidence for a generalization. Another important finding is that adults treat sound plurals different from broken plurals. What is not clear, though, is whether this is evidence for a model in which generalizations concerning sound plurals are the result of rule application and generalizations concerning broken plurals are the result of pattern associations.  We will study the acquisition of singular-plural mappings in order to better understand this problem. The growing lexicon of children will provide us with excellent data to test whether they rely on analogies alone or on rules and analogies. Should children rely on analogies, we expect there to be effects of frequency and phonotactics across all ages. Should they rely on rules and analogies, we expect there to be some generalizations that are independent of the frequencies of words in their lexicon and others that do rely on the frequency of words in their lexicon.  The present project will test these expectations by studying the acquisition of 3-year-olds, 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds. The intuitions of children concerning the singular-plural mappings are then expected to change with a growing lexicon—in other words, with age.  We will complement our experiments by modelling the results of our acquisition studies in different computational models to test specific hypotheses about the nature of the generalizations and the processing that underlies them.

第一阶段表明，马耳他的说话者依靠其词典将奇异映射的复杂性概括为新颖的单词。他们的概括取决于他们知道的单数单词的语音和参与复数形式。这种复杂的映射只能通过大词典来实现：用于新单词的单数绘制映射的类似单词的队列越小，对概括的置信度越小。另一个重要的发现是，成年人将声音复数与破裂的复数不同。但是，尚不清楚的是，这是否是一个模型的证据，在该模型中，关于声音复数是规则申请的结果，并且有关损坏复数的概括是模式关联的结果。我们将研究奇异型映射的获取，以便更好地理解这个问题。不断增长的儿童词典将为我们提供出色的数据，以测试他们是否依靠类比，还是规则和类比。如果儿童依靠类比，我们预计所有年龄段的频率和音量会产生频率和音量的影响。如果他们依靠规则和类比，我们预计会有一些概括，这些概括与词典中单词的频率和其他确实依赖词典中单词频率的频率。本项目将通过研究对3岁儿童，5岁，7岁和9岁儿童的收购来测试这些期望。随后，随着年龄的增长，涉及奇异型映射的儿童直觉会随着词典而变化。我们将通过在不同的计算模型中对获取研究的结果进行建模，以测试有关概括性质及其基础处理的特定假设，从而补充我们的实验。