How Do Energy Fluxes Link Precipitation Variability across the Tropical Weather-Climate Continuum?

能量通量如何与热带天气-气候连续体的降水变化联系起来？

• 批准号: 2411723
• 负责人: Spencer Hill
• 金额: $ 68.2万
• 依托单位: CUNY City College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2411723&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: How; Do; Energy; Fluxes; Link

Near the equator, a nearly permanent band of high rainfall circles the globe. It moves north and south with the seasons, and in the summer over land it becomes Earth’s monsoons in places like India, providing rainfall that billions of people rely on. Its movements are closely related to north and south transports of energy by the atmosphere. Because of traveling disturbances along the rainband, however, the relationship between the rainband location and the north-south energy transports is complicated. The prevailing theory thereof and many climate models fail to capture this relationship. The investigators will use the observed temperature, wind, precipitation, and moisture to establish, for the first time, the precise contribution to north-south energy transports by the different types of tropical disturbances. Combining this information with climate model simulations, the investigators will develop new theories for the energy transports by individual disturbance types and incorporate these into existing theory. Finally, in collaboration with the City College of New York (CCNY), the investigators will build three state-of-the-art rotating tank platforms for teaching concepts in climate science, weather, and oceanography and use the devices to contribute to CCNY science outreach events.This work will improve our fundamental understanding of traveling tropical disturbances (such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation) which are known to influence the likelihood of extreme weather events. It will unify work across seemingly disparate time and spatial scales spanning the weather-climate continuum from small, short-lived waves to the semi-permanent, circum-global rainband. It will pinpoint likely sources of error in tropical rainfall and ways to address them in weather and climate models, helping to reduce uncertainties in projections of future changes in monsoon regions home to billions of vulnerable people. The collaboration with CCNY will bring core earth science concepts to underserved K-12 students, potentially stimulating interests in STEM and encouraging them to pursue college.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在赤道附近，一条几乎永久的高降雨带随着季节向北和向南移动，在夏季，它在印度等地成为地球的季风，为数十亿人提供了依赖的降雨。然而，由于沿雨带的移动扰动，雨带位置与南北能量传输之间的关系很复杂，现有的理论和许多气候模型都未能解决这一问题。研究人员将利用观测到的温度、风、降水和湿度，将这些信息与气候模型模拟相结合，首次确定不同类型的热带扰动对南北能量传输的精确贡献。 ，研究人员将开发关于个体扰动类型的能量传输的新理论，并将这些理论纳入现有理论，最后，研究人员将与纽约城市学院（CCNY）合作，建立三个最先进的旋转系统。用于气候科学概念教学的储罐平台，这项工作将提高我们对移动热带扰动（例如马登-朱利安振荡）的基本了解，已知这些扰动会影响极端天气事件的可能性。统一跨越看似不同的时间和空间尺度的工作，涵盖从小的、短暂的波浪到半永久性的环全球雨带的天气气候连续体，它将查明热带降雨的可能误差来源和方法。在天气和气候模型中解决这些问题，有助于减少对数十亿弱势群体居住的季风地区未来变化的预测的不确定性，与 CCNY 的合作将为服务不足的 K-12 学生带来核心地球科学概念，可能针对 STEM 和该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。