CAREER: Quantum Coherence, Optical Readout, and Quantum Transduction for Spin Qubits from First-Principles Calculations

职业：基于第一原理计算的自旋量子位的量子相干性、光学读出和量子传导

• 批准号: 2342876
• 负责人: Yuan Ping
• 金额: $ 55.53万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2342876&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Quantum; Coherence; Optical; Readout

NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports research and education to develop computational methods to investigate properties of smallest computation units – quantum bits that are important for storing and manipulating data in quantum computers. These quantum bits (qubits) have a spin state, an angular momentum that is a quantum mechanical property of an elementary particle, such as an electron, as their basic element. Characterizations and study of these building blocks help in determining how to make quantum computers dependable and scalable. The PI will develop computational tools to understand critical properties of different materials and their qubits. These properties include their ability to support complex computer applications (quantum coherence), to read high-fidelity information (quantum readout) and to transfer information efficiently (quantum transduction). Modelling these properties of different materials will help in predicting how they will behave in different conditions (for example, different temperatures) before performing experiments to observe their behavior. Methods developed in this project will accelerate discovery of materials that show promise for scalable quantum computing.The education and outreach plan includes strengthening undergraduate education on physical chemistry through summer bootcamp and developing computational materials research through new courses and REU programs, and supporting women and underrepresented groups through organizing coffee hours and seminars through UCSC WiSE program.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThe overarching goal of this project is to develop first-principles computational platforms to study critical physics processes in quantum information science (QIS) - quantum coherence, readout, and transduction of spin qubits. Understanding kinetics of excited states and spin qubit relaxation and decoherence is the core issue of spin-based QIS. Quantum coherence determines how long the spin state will last or the information will be intact; qubit readout efficiency determines if one can extract information from qubit with high fidelity; quantum transduction determines if quantum information can be transferred and communicated among qubits over a long range. All these properties are materials-specific, and have been mostly computed by simplified models which require prior inputs from experiments. In this project the PI aims to develop a fully first-principles computational platform to tackle these issues for spin qubits, which do not require prior input parameters.The general approach is to leverage the ab-initio density-matrix dynamics framework for open quantum systems that the PI has developed to resolve environmental couplings, have predictive capabilities for quantum relaxation and coherence time of spin qubit, as well as spin qubit initialization and readout efficiency through spin-photon interface. The latter will incorporate inputs of radiative, nonradiative and intersystem-crossing rates including many-body interactions. Accurate predictions of these physical parameters from first-principles will eliminate the need for prior input parameters or simplified models for general systems and open the path for designing novel quantum materials, such as new spin-defects and qubit network, which will create unprecedented performance for applications in quantum information science. The education and outreach plan include strengthening undergraduate education on physical chemistry through summer bootcamp and developing computational materials research through new courses and REU programs, and supporting women and underrepresented groups through organizing coffee hours and seminars through UCSC WiSE program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术摘要该奖项支持研究和教育开发计算方法来研究最小计算单元的属性 - 对于在量子计算机中存储和操作数据非常重要这些量子位（量子位）具有自旋态，即角动量。基本粒子（例如电子）的量子力学特性作为其基本元素，对这些构建块的表征和研究有助于确定如何使量子计算机具有依赖性和可扩展性。了解不同材料及其量子位的关键特性，这些特性包括它们支持复杂计算机应用（量子相干性）、读取高保真信息（量子读出）和有效传输信息（量子转导）的能力。在进行实验以观察其行为之前，材料将有助于预测它们在不同条件（例如不同温度）下的行为。该项目开发的方法将加速发现可扩展量子计算的材料。教育和推广计划。包括加强本科生通过夏季训练营进行物理化学教育，通过新课程和 REU 计划开展计算材料研究，并通过 UCSC WiSE 计划组织咖啡时间和研讨会来支持妇女和代表性不足的群体。 技术概要 该项目的总体目标是开发第一原理计算研究量子信息科学 (QIS) 中关键物理过程的平台 - 自旋量子位的量子相干性、读出和转导了解激发态和自旋量子位弛豫和转换的动力学。退相干性是基于自旋的量子信息学的核心问题，量子相干性决定了自旋态的持续时间或信息的完整程度；量子比特的读出效率决定了能否从量子比特中高保真地提取信息；所有这些属性都是特定于材料的，并且大部分是通过需要事先通过实验输入的简化模型来计算的。完全第一性原理计算平台可以解决自旋量子位的这些问题，不需要事先输入参数。一般方法是利用 PI 开发的开放量子系统的从头算密度矩阵动力学框架来解决环境耦合问题，具有自旋量子位的量子弛豫和相干时间的预测能力，以及通过自旋光子接口进行自旋量子位初始化和读出效率的能力，后者将结合辐射、非辐射和自旋量子位的输入。根据第一原理对这些物理参数进行准确预测，将消除对一般系统的先前输入参数或简化模型的需求，并为设计新型量子材料（例如新的自旋缺陷）开辟道路。教育和推广计划包括通过夏季训练营加强物理化学本科教育，通过新课程和 REU 项目发展计算材料研究，并通过支持女性和代表性不足的群体。组织通过 UCSC WiSE 计划提供咖啡时间和研讨会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。