HNDS-R: Connectivity, Inclusiveness, and the Permeability of Basic Science

HNDS-R：基础科学的连通性、包容性和渗透性

• 批准号: 2318404
• 负责人: Christian Fons-Rosen
• 金额: $ 26.83万
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2318404&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HNDS; Connectivity; Inclusiveness; Permeability; Basic

Scientific innovation is a key determinant of economic growth. The United States continues to compete to be a global leader in science and ensure the role of government in promoting scientific progress. Two current policy debates revolve around the connection between government investments and scientific innovation and economic growth: (1) missed opportunities due to categorical disparities and (2) the role of academic research in pushing the scientific frontier. By evaluating Arpanet, this project gets at the heart of these policy debates through the lens of connectivity. Arpanet, the precursor to the modern Internet, was launched in 1969 and for the first time provided computer connectivity (electronic mail and data sharing facilities) between scientists located in different cities. This research contributes to the current debate on inclusiveness in STEM by analyzing whether Arpanet helped to reduce the categorical gap in scientific productivity by making collaborations across different institutions more accessible. Second, the research informs the policy discussion on the social value of academic research in shaping corporate R&D thanks to the fact that Arpanet’s network spanned both universities and corporations.A first goal of the research is to investigate the structural reasons that explain differences in activity in STEM fields. The researchers explore whether exposure to Arpanet, by substantially expanding the pool of potential collaborators outside of one’s own scientific institution, enhanced novelty and productivity of female scientists compared to their male counterparts. The second goal of the project is to inform the current debate on how university-based socially valuable basic science shapes corporate innovation. The project measures the degree of cross-pollination between basic science undertaken at universities and applied science developed by corporate labs through Arpanet. Specifically, the researchers estimate patent production from corporate labs and citation rates from universities related to Arpanet. The user-friendly large-scale datasets on ARPA contracts between 1958 and 1980 will include information on both institutions and individuals and be matched with data from multiple sources including the archives of the Computer History Museum in California, and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Maryland. The project is co-funded by the Science of Science: Discovery, Communication, and Impact program; the Human Networks and Data Science program; and Science and Technology Studies program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

科学创新是经济增长的关键决定因素，美国继续竞争成为科学领域的全球领导者，并确保政府在促进科学进步中的作用，目前的两项政策辩论围绕着政府投资与科学创新与经济之间的联系。增长：(1) 由于类别差异而错失机会；(2) 学术研究在推动科学前沿方面的作用。通过评估阿帕网，该项目从连通性的角度切入了这些政策辩论的核心。到现代的互联网于 1969 年推出，首次为不同城市的科学家之间提供计算机连接（电子邮件和数据共享设施）。这项研究通过分析阿帕网是否有助于缩小分类差距，为当前关于 STEM 包容性的争论做出了贡献。其次，由于阿帕网的网络涵盖大学和企业，因此该研究为有关学术研究在塑造企业研发方面的社会价值的政策讨论提供了信息。该研究的第一个目标是调查解释 STEM 领域活动差异的结构性原因，研究人员探讨接触 Arpanet 是否可以通过大幅扩大自己科学机构之外的潜在合作者群体来提高女性科学家的新颖性和生产力。该项目的第二个目标是为当前关于大学基础科学如何塑造企业创新的辩论提供信息。该项目衡量大学开展的基础科学与开发的应用科学之间的异花授粉程度。由企业实验室通过阿帕网 (Arpanet) 提供。具体来说，研究人员估计了与阿帕网相关的企业实验室的专利产量和大学的引用率。1958 年至 1980 年间 ARPA 合同的用户友好型大规模数据集将包括机构和个人的信息，并与多个来源的数据进行匹配。包括加利福尼亚州计算机历史博物馆和马里兰州国家档案和记录管理局 (NARA) 的档案。该项目由科学科学：人类网络和数据项目共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。