Doctoral Dissertation Research: Functional signals of upper limb use in the collarbone

博士论文研究：锁骨上肢使用的功能信号

• 批准号: 2317012
• 负责人: Zeresenay Alemseged
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Functional; signals

One of the defining milestones in human evolutionary history is the transition to walking on two legs – bipedalism – although it is difficult to reconstruct the degree to which fossil species might have simultaneously still been active in the trees. This doctoral dissertation research project analyzes the distribution of different types of bone in the collarbone of several species who get around in different ways, to better reconstruct and understand the use of upper limbs in fossil human relatives. Shifting to a predominantly bipedal mode of locomotion is associated with several other key developments in human history, including stone tool production and use, long range hunting and associated meat preparation and consumption. Gaps have remained in approaches and have impeded the refinement of ways to identify the transition away from use of upper limbs in locomotion in human evolution; the results of this research contribute to the reconstruction of patterns of locomotion during human evolution with greater resolution. This project provides training relevant to both STEM education and clinical practice for underserved students.This project quantifies different aspects of the morphology of the primate clavicle, and the results contribute to longstanding key debates regarding upper limb use in early hominins. This study quantifies and compares variation in external clavicular shape, and the distribution of cortical and trabecular bone in the primate clavicle, throughout ontogeny and across groups with diverse locomotor adaptation. It further models how morphological variation affects the loading of the clavicle during locomotion, and finally applies these results to building context to document and interpret variation the early hominin fossil record with respect to assessing locomotor adaptation. This study further enhances the ability of researchers in biological anthropology and related fields to glean information about the degree of arboreal behavior in fossil hominins, ultimately allowing a clearer understanding of the associations between anatomy and ecology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类进化史上的决定性里程碑之一是向两条腿行走的过渡——双足行走——尽管很难重建化石物种在树木中同时活跃的程度。研究人员对几种以不同方式行走的物种的锁骨中的不同类型的骨骼进行了研究，以更好地重建和理解化石人类亲戚的上肢的使用。转向以双足为主的运动模式与人类的其他几个关键发展有关。历史，包括石头工具的生产和使用、远距离狩猎以及相关的肉类制备和消费在方法上仍然存在差距，并阻碍了识别人类进化中不再使用上肢运动的转变的方法；该项目以更高的分辨率重建人类进化过程中的运动模式，为服务不足的学生提供与 STEM 教育和临床实践相关的培训。该项目量化了灵长类锁骨形态的不同方面，其结果引发了长期的关键争论。这项研究量化并比较了灵长类锁骨的外部形状的变化，以及整个个体发育和具有不同运动适应性的群体之间的骨皮质和骨小梁的分布。运动过程中锁骨的负载，最后将这些结果应用于构建背景，以记录和解释早期人类化石记录在评估运动适应方面的变化。生物人类学及相关领域的研究人员收集有关古人类化石中树栖行为程度的信息的能力，最终使人们能够更清楚地了解解剖学和生态学之间的关联。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估认为值得支持利用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准。